Kilauea iki lava lake: geophysical constraints on its present (1980) physical state

Hermance, John F.; Colp, J.L.

doi:10.1016/0377-0273(82)90018-x

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The slower propagation is consistent with the presence of a thin low-velocity zone below ~40 m depth, with S wave velocity (Vs) of 0.2 to 0.4 km/s for a zone 10 to 50 soundings to deduce vertical structure[Zablocki, 1976;Smith et al, 1977], a Turam experiment to deduce the lateral bounds of the magma layer, and magnetotelluric experiments to deduce the electromagnetic properties of the magmaBostick et al, 1977]. The 1980 experiments included a repeat of the 3976 soundings to look for changes in the vertical electromagnetic structure and Slingram induction profiling to look for changes in the position of the magma layer edges since 1976[Hermance and Colp, 1982]. Four-electrode galvanic sounding data[Zablocki, 1976] were used to resolve the structure of the upper 33 m of the lava lake crust.…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

The magma body at Kilauea Iki lava lake: Potential insights into mid‐ocean ridge magma chambers

Barth¹,

Kleinrock²,

Helz³

1994

J. Geophys. Res.

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Although geological and geophysical measurements at active ridges have provided indirect samples and remote images and ophiolites have provided fossil evidence, the lack of direct sampling of in situ physical and chemical properties severly hinders our understanding of subsurface magmatic systems at mid‐ocean ridges. In contrast with the ridge setting, substantial information has been gained from direct sampling of Kilauea Iki lava lake. We reanalyze time series physical and petrological data from both in situ sampling and remote seismic and electromagnetic imaging of this lava lake in order to gain insights into the evolution of an enclosed basaltic magma body with many characteristics similar to a mid‐ocean ridge magma chamber. Although the analogy is imperfect, our analysis of observations from Kilauea Iki suggests that at a mid‐ocean ridge (1) a fine structure exists at the top of the magma body in the form of horizontal segregation veins (i.e., sills), (2) sustained convection within the magma chamber is highly unlikely, (3) a “dry‐out” zone above the magma body and below the deepest penetration of hydrothermal circulation may exist, (4) with high magma supply (e.g., the East Pacific Rise), where quasi steady state melt zones are present, the magma chamber must be completely replenished very frequently (at least every 300–600 years), and (5) the onset of rigid behavior of the basaltic partial melt does not happen at a unique “critical” crystal fraction. These results also show that significant differences may occur in interpretation of the rheology of a magmatic system depending upon the type of petrologic, seismic, or drilling data analyzed.

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supporting

confidence: 66%

The magma body at Kilauea Iki lava lake: Potential insights into mid‐ocean ridge magma chambers

Barth¹,

Kleinrock²,

Helz³

1994

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…The occurrence of significant convection or advection in passive, or inactive lava lakes (see definition in Harris et al, 2005;Swanson et al, 1979) is heavily more debated (e.g. Davaille and Jaupart, 1993;Evans and Moore, 1968;Hermance and Colp, 1982;Hort et al, 1999;Jellinek and Kerr, 2001;Moore and Evans, 1967;Rupke and Hort, 2004;Shaw et al, 1968;Worster et al, 1993;Wright and Okamura, 1977). Below, we will only use the term 'convection' for the purpose of simplification.…”

Section: Convective or Advective Redistribution Of Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mécanismes de solidification des magmas basaltiques :

Vinet¹

2010

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PAR NICOLAS VINET MÉCANISMES DE SOLIDIFICATION DES MAGMAS BASALTIQUES : ÉTUDE QUANTITATIVE TEXTURALE ET GEOCHIMIQUE DES LAVES DU VOLCAN KILAUEA, HAWAII NOVEMBRE 2010 11 RÉSUMÉLe volcan Kilauea, Hawaii, est probablement le système magmatique basaltique actif le plus étudié sur Terre, et représente donc un site privilégié pour l'étude des processus de solidification basaltique en milieu naturel. Une meilleure compréhension de la solidification magmatique est d'importance majeure dans le raffinement de modèles expliquant le dynamisme des chambres magmatiques, et son étude détaillée est susceptible de grandement améliorer notre connaissance de l'évolution globale des systèmes magmatiques. Dans ce contexte volcanique, les lacs de lave offrent une rare opportunité d'étudier directement la solidification magmatique et peuvent être considérés, en première approximation, comme des analogues superficiels de petites chambres magmatiques.Le but premier de ce doctorat est de déterminer et quantifier les principaux processus de solidification magmatiques à l'oeuvre dans la genèse des basaltes tholéiitiques. Ce travail s'articule autour du minéral olivine comme composant central. Dans les deux premiers chapitres, l'approche est double, texture et géochimie, mais l'emphase porte sur l'aspect textural dont l'analyse de la distribution de la taille des cristaux (CSD) est la composante phare. Ce travail a été réalisé sur les laves produites par les éruptions de 1969 (Mauna Ulu) et 1959 du volcan Kilauea. L'étude des coulées de lave produites par l'éruption du Mauna Ulu permet de mieux comprendre les processus actifs de solidification dans tout le système magmatique superficiel (la "tuyauterie") de l'édifice. L'étude du lac de lave Kilauea Iki renseigne quant à elle sur la solidification en système semi-fermé en sub-surface. Dans un dernier temps, il est question d'évaluer plus en détail l'influence de la déformation magmatique sur la structure interne des divines, et de la quantifier, en utilisant une technique in situ récente de micro-diffraction des rayons X. Chacun des trois chapitres de cette thèse est un article publié ou destiné à la publication dans une revue scientifique internationale.L'article 1 présente les résultats en éléments majeurs et traces (roche totale), les compositions de l'olivine, et les CSDs de 11 échantillons de laves du Mauna Ulu. Les variations chimiques en roche totale sont interprétées comme étant partiellement produites par addition d'olivine dans le système magmatique. Les profiles CSD suggèrent qu'au moins deux populations d'olivines interviennent : (1) une population d'âges 3-40 ans, caractérisée par une faible densité de "gros" cristaux et des pentes CSD relativement faibles ; et (2) une population d'âges 1,5-15 ans, marquée par une forte densité de petits cristaux et des pentes CSD plus fortes. La gamme de compositions de l'olivine suggère que ces cristaux se sont formés à partir de magmas différents, probablement reliés par crystallisation fractionnée. La présence d'olivines déformées de toutes ...

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“…This very simple approach disregards the complexity of hydrothermal convection in the fractured roof crust. Specifically, Hardee [1980] and Hermance and Colp [1982] found that the lava crust at the 110 m deep Kilauea Iki lava lake consisted of two zones. The upper portion, nearest the surface, was undergoing two‐phase convection (water and steam) and therefore maintained a relatively isothermal 100°C profile.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modeling of lava flow cooling applied to the 1997 Okmok eruption: Approach and analysis

2004

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[1] Throughout February and March of 1997 Okmok Volcano, in the eastern Aleutian Islands of Alaska, erupted a 6 km long lava flow of basaltic 'a'a within its caldera. A numerical model for lava flow cooling was developed and applied to the flow to better understand the nature of its cooling. Radiation and convection from the surface, as well as conduction to the ground, were used to transport the flow's heat to its surroundings in the model. Internally, a conduction-only approach moved heat from the interior outward. Vesiculation, latent heat generation, and thermal conductivity changes with temperature are among the other factors that were dynamically accounted for. Results indicate that ambient temperature fluctuations, on the scale of days to weeks, must be taken into account to create an accurate short-term prediction of lava surface temperature. Daily data of rainfall and ambient temperature, as opposed to yearly averages, greatly increased the accuracy of the model. Furthermore, convective cooling of the lava surface was observed to be a dominant heat loss process during the first 200 days, indicating the convective heat transfer coefficient is a prime determinant of the accuracy of the model for predicting surface temperatures. Over a longer cooling period (2 years), thermal conductivity and porosity proved to be among the dominating factors for heat loss because of the limiting role of conductive heat flow in the interior. The model's flexibility allows application to flows other than the 1997 Okmok eruption.

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Kilauea iki lava lake: geophysical constraints on its present (1980) physical state

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

The magma body at Kilauea Iki lava lake: Potential insights into mid‐ocean ridge magma chambers

The magma body at Kilauea Iki lava lake: Potential insights into mid‐ocean ridge magma chambers

Mécanismes de solidification des magmas basaltiques :

Numerical modeling of lava flow cooling applied to the 1997 Okmok eruption: Approach and analysis

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