Kinematic, acoustic, and perceptual analyses of connected speech produced by Parkinsonian and normal geriatric adults

Abstract

Acoustic and kinematic analyses, as well as perceptual evaluation, were conducted on the speech of Parkinsonian and normal geriatric adults. As a group, the Parkinsonian speakers had very limited jaw movement compared to the normal geriatrics. For opening gestures, jaw displacements and velocities produced by the Parkinsonian subjects were about half those produced by the normal geriatrics. Lower lip movement amplitude and velocity also were reduced for the Parkinsonian speakers relative to the normal geriatrics, but the magnitude of the reduction was not as great as that seen in the jaw. Lower lip closing velocities expressed as a function of movement amplitude were greater for the Parkinsonian speakers than for the normal geriatrics. This increased velocity of lower lip movement may reflect a difference in the control of lip elevation for the Parkinsonian speakers, an effect that increased with the severity of dysarthria. Acoustically, the Parkinsonian subjects had reduced durations of vocalic segments, reduced formant transitions, and increased voice onset time compared to the normal geriatrics. These effects were greater for the more severe, compared to the milder, dysarthrics and were most apparent in the more complex, vocalic gestures.

Markerless Analysis of Articulatory Movements in Patients With Parkinson's Disease

“…Through this test, several authors 12,14,15 found a reduction of the displacement and of the peak velocities of lower lip and jaw during the opening and the closing of the mouth. A slowdown of jaw and lower lip movements was demonstrated also by Forrest et al 13 ; on the other hand, they found an increase of the closing velocity of the lower lip in PD patients. This result might reflect an alteration of the motion control due to the severity of the dysarthria.…”

“…Thus, our work supports most of the literature on the kinematic analysis of the articulators in PD patients with hypokinetic dysarthria, which states that most of these patients exhibit a downscaling of the articulatory movements. [12][13][14][15][16]18 The novel contribution of this work concerns the assessment of this downscaling by means of a fully markerless and lowcost method. We described in detail the video-processing framework: camera calibration, face tracking, 3D coordinates estimation, and calculation of the kinematic parameters.…”

“…[9][10][11] Several approaches and methods have been implemented to describe the kinematic characteristics of the articulators in hypokinetic dysarthria associated with PD. Most studies [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] pointed out a reduction in terms of velocity and range of movements of the articulators, although results of unimpaired articulatory movements in Parkinsonian patients were also presented. 19 One of the most widespread tasks for kinematic analysis of the articulators is the production of syllables.…”

Effects of Increasing Sound Pressure Level on Lip and Jaw Movement Parameters and Consistency in Young Adults

“…In articulatory kinematic analyses, measures of movement parameters (duration, displacement, and velocity) and variability (standard deviations, covariance, and the spatiotemporal index (STI)), have been utilized to study normal speech production, changes to speech production with development or normal aging, and changes to speech production in individuals with motor disorders (Ackermann, Hertrich, Daum, Scharf, & Spieker, 1997;Ackermann, Hertrich, & Scharf, 1995;Dromey, Ramig, & Johnson, 1995;Forrest, Weismer, & Turner, 1989;Green, Moore, Higashikawa, & Steeve, 2000;Kleinow, Smith, & Ramig, 2001;McClean & Tasko, 2003;Perkell, Matthies, Svirsky, & Jordan, 1993;Schulman, 1989;Smith, Goffman, Zelaznik, Ying, & McGillen, 1995;Tasko & McClean, 2004;Wohlert & Smith, 1998).…”

Relevance of Aerodynamic Evaluation in Parkinsonian Dysarthria

“…Finally, other deviations were reported always in acoustic studies: the reduced duration of formant transitions (Connor et al 1989;Forrest et al, 1989), the voicing of voiceless consonants assigned to the rigidity of the larynx, a control loss of voice onset time (VOT), that is to say, the time between the release of the consonant and the beginning of voicing, resulting in a lack of coordination between the larynx and articulatory organs (Forrest et al, 1989;Lieberman et al, 1992).…”