Kinematic Analysis and Head Injury Criterion in a Pedestrian Collision with a Tram at the Speed of 10 and 20 km.h&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;

Fanta, Ondrej; Lopot, František; Kubový, Petr; Jelen, Karel; Hylmarová, Dita; Svoboda, Martin

doi:10.21062/mft.2022.024

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This device is in principle similar to Luggage Wheel Wear Test Machine [17], but has simpler design and was built from standard widely available components and materials. Other ideas dealing with similar issues can be found in [14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Measurements on a Stand for a Grain Sampler

Cézová¹,

Lopot²,

Machac³

et al. 2022

Manufacturing Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper describes experimental measurements of travel rollers on a polyurethane thread. This experiment took place at the CTU Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in the laboratory of the Department of Design and Machine Parts. The experiment was performed within the project of a lightweight type of sampler, designed by a team of collaborators from our institute for OK Servis BioPro, s.r.o. For the newly designed type of sampler, it was necessary to determine the operation of a newly designed grain sampler. The load of the rollers is different in each environment. This paper presents the average values from the measurement, including its evaluation. Moreover, the paper compares different temperatures that can be achieved in the practice. Negative temperature values were not performed, as this measurement would be expensive and inefficient. Grain samplerExperiment Measurement Travel roll Polyurethane

show abstract

Section: Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Measurements on a Stand for a Grain Sampler

Cézová¹,

Lopot²,

Machac³

et al. 2022

Manufacturing Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In terms of real-world collision tests, Tomsovsky et al [19,20] validated the usability of the Hybrid III dummy for tram-pedestrian crash tests and analyzed the kinematics of tram-pedestrian collisions in the case of a side impact at a speed of 10 km/h. Fanta et al [21] carried out kinematic and HIC analysis of a pedestrian dummy collision with a KT8D5-type tram at speeds of 10 and 20 km/h. All of the aforementioned studies indicate that pedestrian dynamics are obviously affected by the interaction between the lower extremities and the front end of the tram.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Pedestrians’ Head and Lower Limb Injuries in Tram–Pedestrian Collisions

Peng,

Hu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Biomimetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Analysis of pedestrians’ head and lower limb injuries at the tissue level is lacking in studies of tram–pedestrian collisions. The purpose of this paper therefore to investigate the impact response process and severity of pedestrians’ injuries in tram–pedestrian collisions, using the Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS) pedestrian human body model together with the tram FE model. Two full-scale tram–pedestrian dummy crash tests were performed to validate the FE model, and the total correlation and analysis (CORA) score of head acceleration yielded values of 0.840 and 0.734, confirming a strong agreement between the FE-simulated head responses and the experimental head kinematics. The effects of different tram speeds and impact angles on pedestrians’ impact response injuries and the differences were further analyzed. The results indicate that direct impact of the lower limb with the tram’s obstacle deflector leads to lower limb bone shaft fractures and knee tissue damage. Neck fling contributed to worsened head injury. Coup contusions were the predominant type of brain contusion, surpassing contrecoup contusions, while diffuse axonal injury was mainly concentrated in the collision-side region of the brain. Pedestrians’ injuries are influenced by tram velocity and impact angle: higher tram velocities increase the risk of lower limb and head injuries. The risk of head injury for pedestrians is higher when the impact angle is negative, while lower limb injuries are more significant when the impact angle is 0°. This study provides practical guidance for enhancing tram safety and protecting pedestrians.

show abstract

“…In some places where there is no subway, the tram can pass under the busiest streets through tunnels. Tram transport is therefore actively developing [6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the energy efficiency of a tram’s running gear

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This research analyses the influence of some design features of an undercarriage of a tram on the energy efficiency in terms of mechanical energy losses during its operation. The work includes the comparison of results of the research from two main points of view, namely from a running gear design and a railway wheel design. Two variants of a tram’s bogie are investigated. A standard bogie and a bogie with a system that allows a radial adjustment of the wheelsets in curves. Two designs of a railway wheel are compared, a wheel with the traditional construction scheme and a wheel with a perspective construction scheme. The values of mechanical energy losses due to slippage in the contact between the wheels and rails are analysed. These losses are obtained with reference to a specific route and the value of the average power dissipated. Moreover, an analysis of advantages and disadvantages of bogie designs has made it possible to consider the most appropriate bogie design in terms of ensuring the energy efficiency. In this case, the bogie design with the wheels with the perspective construction scheme can be considered as the optimal option.

show abstract

Kinematic Analysis and Head Injury Criterion in a Pedestrian Collision with a Tram at the Speed of 10 and 20 km.h<sup>-1</sup>

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Experimental Measurements on a Stand for a Grain Sampler

Experimental Measurements on a Stand for a Grain Sampler

Assessment of Pedestrians’ Head and Lower Limb Injuries in Tram–Pedestrian Collisions

Improving the energy efficiency of a tram’s running gear

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About