Kinematic analysis of Labrador Retrievers and Rottweilers trotting on a treadmill

Agostinho, Felipe Stéfan; Rahal, Sheila Canevese; Miqueleto, Nélida Simone Martinez Landeira; Verdugo, Mirela Ribeiro; Inamassu, Letícia Rocha; El-Warrak, A. O.

doi:10.3415/vcot-10-03-0039

Cited by 49 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The stifle angle, in addition to tibial slope and sum of loading, is one of the important factors for the joint stability related to the direction of the compressive, ground reaction and ATT forces (Slocum and Devine, ; Boudrieau, ; Hashemi et al., ). Stifle kinematic angles have been recorded between 144° and 165° in dogs (Hottinger et al., ; Griffon, ; Ragetly et al., , ; Agostinho et al., ; Miqueleto et al., ), and 167° and 169° in humans (Nagano et al., ; Gaudreault et al., ; Robbins et al., ). If the bow angle is added to stifle joint angle, the angle will be between 162° and 183° in dogs and between 172° and 174° in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stifle joint angle is also different between dogs and humans in both, standing position and the stance phase of walking. The stifle joint has the maximum angle between 144° and 165° during the stance phase of walking for normal dogs, depending on breed (Hottinger et al., ; Griffon, ; Ragetly et al., , ; Agostinho et al., ; Miqueleto et al., ), while the knee joint angle is between 167° and 169° at the initial contact or early stance phase in humans (Nagano et al., ; Gaudreault et al., ; Robbins et al., ). This angle is measured in sagittal plane, based on the mechanical axes of the femur and tibia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This angle is measured in sagittal plane, based on the mechanical axes of the femur and tibia. The proximal landmark of the femoral axis (FA) is the greater trochanter, while the distal landmarks have changed from the lateral epicondyle, to the most distal point of lateral epicondyle, femorotibial joint centre or between the lateral epicondyle of the femur and fibular head (DeCamp et al., ; Hottinger et al., ; Sanchez‐Bustinduy et al., ; Torres et al., ; Agostinho et al., ; Bush et al., ; Nagano et al., ; Ragetly et al., ; Miqueleto et al., ; Robbins et al., ; Silvernail et al., ). However, all these approaches have ignored the anterior bow of the femur, where the compressive and ground reaction forces traverse from proximal to distal, or vice versa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anterior Femoral Bow and Possible Effect on the Stifle Joint: A Comparison between Humans and Dogs

Ocal

Sabanci

Cobanoglu

et al. 2017

Anat Histol Embryol

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The aim of the study was to compare the anterior bow of the femur between dogs and humans in terms of the possible impact on the stifle joint. The femoral radiographs obtained retrospectively were used to determine the angles and positions of the anterior bow in both dogs (n = 135) and humans (n = 57). Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation analysis were used for the statistical analyses of the variables. The mean anterior bow angle (ABA) was 18.3 ± 2.02° and 4.88 ± 1.24° in dogs and humans, respectively. The bow position was at the distal shaft in dogs (64.9 ± 2.04%) and almost at the mid-shaft of the bone (46.5 ± 5.52%) in humans. The ABA was related to the bow position in both humans and dogs. Additionally, the angle correlated with age in humans, while it was correlated with weight and breed in dogs. In conclusion, it is suggested that the anterior bow should be used as a landmark on the femoral axis for the biomechanical research of stifle joint, and dog stifle could be used as a suitable model for human knee in experimental studies for clinicians, while making sure that ethical principles are fully respected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anterior Femoral Bow and Possible Effect on the Stifle Joint: A Comparison between Humans and Dogs

Ocal

Sabanci

Cobanoglu

et al. 2017

Anat Histol Embryol

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“…The present study used a two-dimensional space; other studies of canine gait used two (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) spaces (Colborne et al 2005, Agostinho et al 2011. These studies claimed that minor differences are noted between 2D and 3D analyze, many similarities exist between studies in two and three dimensions, such as the joint excursion curves joint and the range of motion, but one must be careful when making comparisons because there is a big difference in technology used for the collection and analysis of data from the studies already published .Can also be observed in studies with three-dimensional analysis kinematics in horses, this analysis has allowed the measurement of the angular range of flexion and extension movement metacaropophalangeal (Back et al 1993, Bennet et al 1996, Barrey 1997, Barrey 1999, König & Liebich 2002.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic gait analyses in healthy Golden Retrievers

et al. 2014

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(12):1265-1270, dezembro 2014 1265 RESUMO.-[Análise cinemática da marcha de cães Golden Retriever saudáveis.] A análise cinemática relaciona--se com o movimento relativo entre corpos rígidos e encontra aplicação na análise da marcha e de outros movimentos do corpo. A interpretação de seus dados, quando há alteração, determina a escolha do tratamento a ser instituído. O objetivo deste estudo foi padronizar a marcha do cão Golden Retriever saudável visando auxiliar no diagnóstico e tratamento de afecções músculo esquelética. Neste estudo utilizou-se um sistema de análise cinemática para analisar a marcha de sete cães da raça Golden Retriever, fêmeas, idade entre 2 e 4 anos, peso variando de 21.5 a 28 kg, clinicamente sadias. Dados morfométricos foram coletados para descrever a população estudada. Variáveis de tempo e distâncias foram mensuradas para descrever a marcha, movimentos de flexão e extensão foram descritos para as articulações do ombro, cubital, cárpica, do quadril, femorotibial e társica. A marcha foi caracterizada lateral e teve hipótese de normalidade aceita para todas as variáveis, exceto para o apoio de quadril e apoio de cúbito, considerando um grau de confiança de 95%, ou seja, nível de significância α = 0.05. As variações foram atribuídas ao deslocamento das tarjas durante o movimento e ao repetido número de avaliações. A análise cinemática provou ser um consistente método de avaliação do movimento durante a marcha canina e os dados obtidos podem ser utilizados no diagnóstico e na comparação em avaliações de marcha para outros estudos e tratamento de cães com afecções musculoesqueléticas. Kinematic analysis relates to the relative movement between rigid bodies and finds application in gait analysis and other body movements, interpretation of their data when there is change, determines the choice of treatment to be instituted. The objective of this study was to standardize the march of Dog Golden Retriever Healthy to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. We used a kinematic analysis system to analyse the gait of seven dogs Golden Retriever, female, aged between 2 and 4 years, weighing 21.5 to 28 kg, clinically normal. Flexion and extension were described for shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, femorotibialis and tarsal joints. The gait was characterized lateral and had accepted hypothesis of normality for all variables, except for the stance of hip and elbow, considering a confidence level of 95%, significance level α = 0.05. Variations have been attributed to displacement of the stripes during movement and the duplicated number of reviews. The kinematic analysis proved to be a consistent method of evaluation of the movement during canine gait and the data can be used in the diagnosis and evaluation of canine gait in comparison to other studies and treatment of dogs with musculoskeletal disorders. Kinematic gait analyses in healthy Golden

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“…The consolidation period after a DO was investigated in a 20-year retrospective study, based on 115 animals submitted to a corticotomy and application of a circular external fixator [2]. The authors concluded that the radius requires less time to consolidate than the tibia and presented the hypothesis that this occurs due to during the march, the radius bears weight in a parallel axis and the tibia carries the weight through an oblique axis [40]. Another hypothesis is based on the fact that dogs bear around 60% of their weight on the thoracic limbs, therefore the weight carried by a radius is superior to what is supported by a tibia [41][42][43].…”

Section: Consolidation Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distraction Osteogenesis: Biological Principles and Its Application in Companion Animals

Domingos¹,

Armés²,

Dias³

et al. 2021

Clinical Implementation of Bone Regeneration and Maintenance

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Distraction osteogenesis is a surgical technique widely used in orthopedic surgery for treatment of various pathological skeletal conditions, namely correction of limb-length discrepancies, angular deformity and treatment of distal and severely comminuted fractures, or bone defects through bone transport. The basic principle consists on the gradual distraction of two bone segments, previously submitted to a corticotomy and promptly fixated generally using of circular external skeletal fixation. New bone tissue is generated in the bone gap between the two segments. This review aims to describe the biological fundaments and principles of this technique, the surgical steps performed to attempt distraction osteogenesis, and its possible complications with main focus on its application in companion animals.Bone Grafts 2 latency period will be applied, and (iv) the distraction rate (DR) must be appropriate for the level and type of bone in which osteogenesis is being performed [5].After the separation of both segments, three temporal phases of DO can be defined: latency period, distraction period, and consolidation period [3]. Osteotomy and corticotomyThe DO procedure begins with the transverse section at a diaphyseal or metaphyseal level of the long bone to be elongated. Ilizarov described three methods to create fractures, including osteotomy, corticotomy, and osteoclasis. The osteogenic potential of the osteotomy or corticotomy depends on three main factors: the localization in bone, the type of technique used, and the latency period subsequently applied [6, 7].Regarding the localization, some researchers in the past referred that the bone lengthening should be performed in the middle of the diaphysis of the long bone, and when necessary elongation was obtained, a bone graft from the ilium crest could be applied on the distraction focus to promote its consolidation. Later, Ilizarov recognized the metaphysis as the ideal site for the osteotomy, due to its massive trabecular bone area, rich in collateral vascularization, and higher potential for fracture recovery. Other researchers compared the regenerated bone quality at the diaphysis and metaphysis after DO, while using different latency periods. In the metaphysis, latency periods of 0 and 7 days allowed a greater osteogenesis and a faster remodeling and consolidation, when compared to the diaphysis elongation. A latency period of 14-21 days was associated with a premature consolidation in both regions. Bone mineralization of the newly formed tissue was faster at the metaphysis than at the diaphysis. Curiously, when there was no latency period, the distraction was successful and the consolidation faster. The latency of 7 days did not reveal the risk of premature consolidation; however, the consolidation and bone formation were slower than where there was no latency period. Post mortem torsion and bending test revealed that the bone tissue elongated on the metaphysis was tougher and more resistant. Histologically, the osteogenesis is observed to be based on intra-mem...

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Kinematic analysis of Labrador Retrievers and Rottweilers trotting on a treadmill

Abstract: Both breeds had similar kinematic patterns, but there were magnitude differences, especially of the elbow and stifle joints. Therefore, each breed should have a specific database.

Cited by 49 publications

References 23 publications

Anterior Femoral Bow and Possible Effect on the Stifle Joint: A Comparison between Humans and Dogs

Anterior Femoral Bow and Possible Effect on the Stifle Joint: A Comparison between Humans and Dogs

Kinematic gait analyses in healthy Golden Retrievers

Distraction Osteogenesis: Biological Principles and Its Application in Companion Animals

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