2011
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.056481
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Kinematic and behavioral evidence for a distinction between trotting and ambling gaits in the cockroachBlaberus discoidalis

Abstract: SUMMARYEarlier observations had suggested that cockroaches might show multiple patterns of leg coordination, or gaits, but these were not followed by detailed behavioral or kinematic measurements that would allow a definite conclusion. We measured the walking speeds of cockroaches exploring a large arena and found that the body movements tended to cluster at one of two preferred speeds, either very slow (<10cms ). To highlight the neural control of walking leg movements, we experimentally reduced the mechani… Show more

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Cited by 81 publications
(94 citation statements)
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“…For faster walking speeds, coordination is modified accompanied by an apparent reduction in the number of legs that are on the ground simultaneously. At medium speeds, the number of legs is reduced to four, termed tetrapod coordination (Burns, 1973;Graham, 1972;Hughes, 1952;Spirito and Mushrush, 1979;Wendler, 1964;Wendler, 1966), and at high speeds to three, called tripod coordination (Bender et al, 2011;Delcomyn, 1971;Graham, 1985). Interestingly, bipedal anti-phase coordination of insect hindlegs has been reported for the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, during top speed running (Full and Tu, 1991).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…For faster walking speeds, coordination is modified accompanied by an apparent reduction in the number of legs that are on the ground simultaneously. At medium speeds, the number of legs is reduced to four, termed tetrapod coordination (Burns, 1973;Graham, 1972;Hughes, 1952;Spirito and Mushrush, 1979;Wendler, 1964;Wendler, 1966), and at high speeds to three, called tripod coordination (Bender et al, 2011;Delcomyn, 1971;Graham, 1985). Interestingly, bipedal anti-phase coordination of insect hindlegs has been reported for the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, during top speed running (Full and Tu, 1991).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the same speed range, insects can use either tetrapod or tripod coordination, seamlessly transitioning from one to the other by modifying stance duration (Cruse, 1990;Graham, 1985;Wendler, 1966). Several genera of ants (Cataglyphis, Formica, Lasius and Myrmica), cockroaches (P. americana), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) and stick insects (Carausius morosus) are known to use tripod coordination during fast locomotion, while at lower speeds leg coordination becomes much more variable, approaching tetrapod coordination (Wendler, 1964;Graham, 1972;Bender et al, 2011;Strauss and Heisenberg, 1990;Zollikofer, 1994). Walking in Drosophila How is inter-leg coordination achieved?…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Thereby, the front and hind legs on one body side step in unison with the middle leg of the other body side. This kind of locomotion is well known from fast walking insects, such as cockroaches (Periplaneta americana, Delcomyn, 1971; Blaberus discoidalis, Bender et al, 2011;Blatta orientalis, Hughes, 1952), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster, Wosnitza et al, 2013) and ants (Cataglyphis, Formica, Lasius and Myrmica, Zollikofer, 1994a).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For other questions, such as those about the mechanics of locomotion or ecological interactions, it is necessary to know about the positioning of appendages or other specific points along an individual's body [8,17,19,28,29,69] (Movie S2, Movie S11, Movie S14, and Movie S22 in the supplementary material online) (Box 1). Estimating the center of body mass (position) is much simpler than detecting the detailed body posture and position of appendages (pose).…”
Section: Spatiotemporal Position or Detailed Pose?mentioning
confidence: 99%