Kinematic evolution of the Olinghouse fault and the role of a major sinistral fault in the Walker Lane dextral shear zone, Nevada, USA

Sturmer, Daniel M.; Faulds, James E.

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2018.07.006

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The WLB is characterized by widely distributed, young, developing transform, and transtensional fault structures with a total near‐constant slip rate of 8–10 mm/yr across the ∼100‐km‐wide belt zone (Bormann et al., 2016; Kreemer et al., 2009). Throughout the WLB, extensional and dextral motions were identified on well‐defined NNW‐striking normal faults in the western part of the domain and the major subparallel NW‐striking right‐lateral strike‐slip faults in the eastern part (Angster et al., 2019; Sturmer & Faulds, 2018; Wesnousky, 2005). The structural activity in the complex fault zone results in strong strain accumulation related to the WLB domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geodetic Observation and Modeling of the Coseismic and Postseismic Deformations Associated With the 2020 Mw 6.5 Monte Cristo Earthquake

Tao

Chen

et al. 2021

Earth and Space Science

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The 2020 Mw 6.5 Monte Cristo earthquake occurred in the northeastern Mina deflection of the central Walker Lane Belt (WLB) in Nevada, USA. The Mina deflection represents a typical stepover zone that transfers the dextral slip in the northern Eastern California Shear Zone onto the dextral faults in the central WLB. The Monte Cristo earthquake provides a rare opportunity to investigate the strain accumulation and stress transition mechanisms in the WLB. In this study, ascending and descending Sentinel‐1 images were utilized to generate coseismic and early postseismic deformations associated with this earthquake. Combined with global positioning system measurements, these images were inverted for the coseismic slip and afterslip of the Monte Cristo earthquake. The preferred coseismic slip model suggests that the causative fault is characterized by two fault segments with southward dips of 64° and 79°. The coseismic rupture was dominated by sinistral slip with obvious normal slip components in the western segment of the source fault. The coseismic slip was mainly concentrated in the 3–12 km depth range and decreased at shallower depths, suggesting a moderate amount of shallow coseismic slip deficit. Rapid afterslip was mainly confined to the 0–3 km depth range, largely compensating for the shallow slip deficit caused by the mainshock. The widely distributed normal slips in the northeastern Mina deflection revealed by the Monte Cristo earthquake suggest the transtensional model is more applicable due to its ability to account for the slip transition kinematics in the Mina deflection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geodetic Observation and Modeling of the Coseismic and Postseismic Deformations Associated With the 2020 Mw 6.5 Monte Cristo Earthquake

Tao

Chen

et al. 2021

Earth and Space Science

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“…The left-slip faults in the Carson domain, orthogonal to regional right-lateral shear, accommodate vertical-axis clockwise rotation of relatively rigid blocks (Fig. 3; Cashman and Fontaine, 2000;Li et al, 2017;Sturmer and Faulds, 2018;Say and Zuza, 2020). These primary faults in the Carson domain have estimated slip rates of ~1 mm yr −1 or less (Li et al, 2017).…”

Section: ■ Geologic Setting and Structural Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the late Miocene, Walker Lane right-lateral shear overprinted earlier extension (e.g., Faulds and Henry, 2008;Sturmer and Faulds, 2018). Walker Lane shear is variably expressed as northwest-striking right-slip faults and northeast-striking left-slip faults (e.g., Faulds and Henry, 2008).…”

Section: ■ Geologic Setting and Structural Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterogenous late Miocene extension in the northern Walker Lane (California-Nevada, USA) demonstrates vertically decoupled crustal extension

Say

Zuza

2021

Geosphere

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The spatial distribution and kinematics of intracontinental deformation provide insight into the dominant mode of continental tectonics: rigid-body motion versus continuum flow. The discrete San Andreas fault defines the western North America plate boundary, but transtensional deformation is distributed hundreds of kilometers eastward across the Walker Lane–Basin and Range provinces. In particular, distributed Basin and Range extension has been encroaching westward onto the relatively stable Sierra Nevada block since the Miocene, but the timing and style of distributed deformation overprinting the stable Sierra Nevada crust remains poorly resolved. Here we bracket the timing, magnitude, and kinematics of overprinting Walker Lane and Basin and Range deformation in the Pine Nut Mountains, Nevada (USA), which are the westernmost structural and topographic expression of the Basin and Range, with new geologic mapping and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. Structural mapping suggests that north-striking normal faults developed during the initiation of Basin and Range extension and were later reactivated as northeast-striking oblique-slip faults following the onset of Walker Lane transtensional deformation. Conformable volcanic and sedimentary rocks, with new ages spanning ca. 14.2 Ma to 6.8 Ma, were tilted 30°–36° northwest by east-dipping normal faults. This relationship demonstrates that dip-slip deformation initiated after ca. 6.8 Ma. A retrodeformed cross section across the range suggests that the range experienced 14% extension. Subsequently, Walker Lane transtension initiated, and clockwise rotation of the Carson domain may have been accommodated by northeast-striking left-slip faults. Our work better defines strain patterns at the western extent of the Basin and Range province across an approximately 150-km-long east-west transect that reveals domains of low strain (~15%) in the Carson Range–Pine Nut Mountains and Gillis Range surrounding high-magnitude extension (~150%–180%) in the Singatse and Wassuk Ranges. There is no evidence for irregular crustal thickness variations across this same transect—either in the Mesozoic, prior to extension, or today—which suggests that strain must be accommodated differently at decoupled crustal levels to result in smooth, homogenous crustal thickness values despite the significantly heterogeneous extensional evolution. This example across an ~150 km transect demonstrates that the use of upper-crust extension estimates to constrain pre-extension crustal thickness, assuming pure shear as commonly done for the Mesozoic Nevadaplano orogenic plateau, may not be reliable.

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“…Wilcox et al ., 1973; Peltzer and Tapponier, 1988). In California and western Nevada, both dip‐slip and lateral motion is accommodated on faults within the San Andreas fault system (Hornafius et al ., 1986; Kelsey and Carver, 1988; Castillo and Ellsworth, 1993), as well as the Walker Lane and Eastern California Shear Zone (Sturmer and Faulds, 2018; Dixon and Xie, 2018; Faulds and Henry, 2008; Wesnousky, 2005a; 2005b; Trexler et al ., 2000; Richard 1993; Schermer et al ., 1996). These studies highlight activity on variably oriented faults within regions of right‐lateral shear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early development of strike‐slip faulting: palaeoseismic study along the Petersen Mountain fault, northern Walker Lane, Nevada

Masi

Koehler

Dee

et al. 2021

J Quaternary Science

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Characterising youthful strike‐slip fault systems within transtensional regimes is often complicated by the presence of tectonic geomorphic features produced by normal faulting associated with oblique extension. The Petersen Mountain fault in the northern Walker Lane tectonic province exhibits evidence of both normal and strike‐slip faulting. We present the results of geologic and geomorphic mapping, and palaeoseismic trenching that characterise the fault's style and sense of deformation. The fault consists of two major traces. The western trace displaces colluvial, landslide, and middle to late Pleistocene alluvial fans and is associated with aligned range front saddles, linear drainages, and oversteepened range front slopes. The eastern trace is associated with a low linear bedrock ridge, a narrow graben, right deflected stream channels, and scarps in late Pleistocene alluvial fan deposits. A trench on the eastern trace of the fault exposed a clear juxtaposition of disintegrated granodiorite bedrock against sand and boulder alluvial fan deposits across a steeply east‐dipping fault. The stratigraphic evidence supports the occurrence of at least one late Pleistocene earthquake with a component of lateral displacement. As such, the Petersen Mountain fault accommodates part of the ~7 mm/yr of dextral shear distributed across the northern Walker Lane.

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Kinematic evolution of the Olinghouse fault and the role of a major sinistral fault in the Walker Lane dextral shear zone, Nevada, USA

Cited by 3 publications

References 62 publications

Geodetic Observation and Modeling of the Coseismic and Postseismic Deformations Associated With the 2020 Mw 6.5 Monte Cristo Earthquake

Geodetic Observation and Modeling of the Coseismic and Postseismic Deformations Associated With the 2020 Mw 6.5 Monte Cristo Earthquake

Heterogenous late Miocene extension in the northern Walker Lane (California-Nevada, USA) demonstrates vertically decoupled crustal extension

Early development of strike‐slip faulting: palaeoseismic study along the Petersen Mountain fault, northern Walker Lane, Nevada

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