Kinematics of marathon running tactics

Erdmann, Wlodzimierz S.; Lipińska, Patrycja

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2013.07.006

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Since fast duathletes were the fastest in Run2, it might be assumed that they decreased performance in the last discipline less than their slower peers. This observation might be interpreted as a more even pacing in fast duathletes, which was in line with previous studies in other endurance sports [13,20,21]. For instance, it has been shown that the smaller the deviations of the mean speed during the marathon, the better the performance [21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The relatively slow Run2 in men suggested that men decreased performance in the last discipline more than women. That is, it might be supported that women adopted a relatively more even pacing than men across the race, a trend which was in agreement with observations in other endurance sports [7,17,18,19,20,21]. For instance, men slowed more than women in the 5 km Virginia State Championship high school cross-country running race [17] and in the ‘Bolder Boulder’ 10 km road running race [18].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

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The Effect of Sex and Performance Level on Pacing in Duathlon

Nikolaidis¹,

Villiger

Vancini

et al. 2018

Sports

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The purpose of the present research was to study the effect of sex and performance on pacing in short (Run1-10 km, Bike-50 km and Run2-5 km) and long distance (Run1-10 km, Bike-150 km and Run2-30 km) in the Powerman World Championship ‘Powerman Zofingen’. All finishers (n = 6671; women, n = 1037; men, n = 5634) competing either in the short or long distance versions of ‘Powerman Zofingen’ from 2003 to 2017 were analyzed for the time spent in each discipline (Run1, Bike and Run2), and in transition (Tran) from Run1 to Bike (Tran1) and from Bike to Run2 (Tran2). Athletes were ranked in quartile (Q) groups (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4), with Q1 the fastest and Q4 the slowest. In short distance, in both sexes, a medium discipline/transition × quartile interaction on relative time was observed (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.103 and η2p = 0.119, respectively), where Q1 was relatively the fastest in Tran1, Tran2 and Run2, and the slowest in Bike (p < 0.001). In long distance, in both sexes, a large discipline/transition × quartile interaction on relative time was observed (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.208 and η2p = 0.180, respectively), where Q1 was relatively the fastest in Tran1, Tran2 and Run2, and the slowest in Bike (p < 0.001). In summary, a similar trend of variation of pacing by performance level was observed in both sexes and distances with the fastest duathletes being the fastest in Run2 and both transitions, and the slowest in Bike.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

The Effect of Sex and Performance Level on Pacing in Duathlon

Nikolaidis¹,

Villiger

Vancini

et al. 2018

Sports

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“…However, this and similar studies (e.g. Santos-Lozano, Collado, Foster, Lucia, & Garatachea, 2014;Trubee, Vanderburgh, Diestelkamp, & Jackson, 2014) analysed competitors in large-city marathons, which typically use pre-arranged pacemakers to aid the very best athletes (Erdmann & Lipinska, 2013) and, in some cases, the mass field, an advantage not afforded to competitors in championship races like the Olympic Games (Nerurkar, 2004). In addition, mass fields comprise men and women competitors running alongside each other, meaning women could get a pacing benefit from running with 5 men, or vice versa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacing, packing and sex-based differences in Olympic and IAAF World Championship marathons

Hanley

2016

Journal of Sports Sciences

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The aim of this study was to describe pacing profiles and packing behaviours of athletes in Olympic and World Championship marathons. Finishing and split times were collated for 673 men and 549 women across nine competitions. Mean speeds for each intermediate 5 km and end 2.2 km segments were calculated. Medallists of both sexes maintained even-paced running from 10 km onwards whereas slower finishers dropped off the lead pack at approximately half-distance. Athletes who ran with the same opponents throughout slowed the least in the second half (P < .001, men: ES ≥ 1.19; women: ES ≥ 1.06), whereas other strategies such as moving between packs or running alone were less successful. Overall, women slowed less (P < .001, ES = 0.44) and were more likely to run a negative split (P < .001), and their more conservative start meant fewer women dropped out (P < .001). This also meant that women medallists sped up in the final 2.2 km, which might have decided the medal positions. Marathon runners are advised to identify rivals with similar abilities and ambitions to run alongside provided they start conservatively. Coaches should note important sex-based differences in tactics adopted and design training programmes accordingly.3

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“…Erdmann and Lipińska [22] found that when the best runners were braking the world records for the long-distance runs, their speed distribution was horizontal (the speed was closed to constant) or slightly rising. Whereas, many other runners start the race at excessive speed and then slow down, which results in a worse run time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the Kenyan runner’s body structure affects sports results

Eksterowicz¹,

Напиерала²,

Żukow³

2018

Hum Mov.

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Purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the dependency between somatic parameters of selected Kenyan marathon runners and results achieved in long-distance runs (marathon, half-marathon, 10,000 meters). Methods. The research study was conducted on a sample of 9 top-level long-distance Kenyan runners whose results in Poland correspond to International Masterclass. All runners' (mean ± SD) age: 23.67 ± 4.41 years, weight: 55.98 ± 4.84 kg, height: 169.18 cm ± 4.15cm. All participants had their anthropometric measurements taken: length, width, size and sum of three skin-folds. Having taken those anthropometric measurements, Body Mass Index (BMI), Arm Muscle circumference (AMc), Waist to Hip ratio (WHr), body mass and body fat (FM) (%), fat free mass (FFM) were calculated using the Durnin-Womersley method. Results and conclusions. significant relations (significant correlation, important dependency) were observed in dependency between 10,000 meters results and the foot breadth (r = 0.765) and torso length (r = 0.755). similar relationships occurred between marathon results and the arm length (r = 0.73), forearm length (r = 0.75) and hip width (r = 0.77).

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Kinematics of marathon running tactics

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

The Effect of Sex and Performance Level on Pacing in Duathlon

The Effect of Sex and Performance Level on Pacing in Duathlon

Pacing, packing and sex-based differences in Olympic and IAAF World Championship marathons

How the Kenyan runner’s body structure affects sports results

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