The Effect of Sex and Performance Level on Pacing in Duathlon

Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theodoros; Villiger, Elias; Vancini, Rodrigo Luiz; Rosemann, Thomas; Knechtle, Beat

doi:10.3390/sports6040152

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Some internal and external workload indicators, such as pacing, running and cycling economy, physiological responses to fatigue, ventilatory and hemodynamic responses, and neuromuscular capacities, could influence general performance. 37–39 When analyzing duathlons, researchers face the challenge of assessing the disciplines of running and biking individually, while also taking into consideration the influence that one discipline has on the other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of neuromechanical acute fatigue-related responses during a duathlon simulation: Is tensiomyography sensitive enough?

Rojas-Valverde

Sánchez-Ureña

Gómez-Carmona

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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New technological advances are constantly being developed to assess fatigue and muscle damage in sports. Tensiomyography (TMG) has been used as an alternative method to indirectly assess these physiological responses. The aim of this study was to explore the potential use of TMG parameters (muscle radial deformation [Dm], time of contraction [Tc], delay time [Td], deformation rate until 10% [V10] and 90% [V90]) to detect neuromuscular acute fatigue-related responses during a duathlon compared to well-known biochemical (blood lactate [BLa]), perceptual (rate of perceived exertion [RPE]), and functional (jump performance [CMJ]) variables. Twenty-three well-trained athletes (age 33.6 ± 7.2 years, weight 64.4± 9.2 kg, height 1.7 ± 0.2 m, VO2max 56.7± 6.9 mL/kg/min, body fat 16.6 ± 8.4%, lean mass 53.2 ± 11.6 kg) performed a 5k-25k-5k duathlon under controlled indoor conditions at 23°C. TMG muscle properties (left and right gastrocnemius lateralis), BLa, RPE, and CMJ were measured pre-duathlon, during transition 1 (T1), during transition 2 (T2), and post-duathlon. After one-way analyses of variance, there were large differences in BLa ( p< 0.01), RPE ( p< 0.01) and CMJ ( p< 0.01). Large differences ( p< 0.01) were also found in Tc, Dm, Td, V10, and V90 as TMG muscle mechanical markers. Compared to well-known fatigue variables (CMJ, RPE, and BLa), Tc and Dm as TMG parameters measured in gastrocnemius lateralis seem to be sensitive enough to detect acute fatigue-related changes during duathlon. Differences reported in Td, V10, and V90 could be the result of muscle post-activation potentiation (PAP) after T1, and more evidence is needed for understanding this PAP phenomenon using TMG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of neuromechanical acute fatigue-related responses during a duathlon simulation: Is tensiomyography sensitive enough?

Rojas-Valverde

Sánchez-Ureña

Gómez-Carmona

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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“…World Championships are attractive to the scientific community, and have been investigated in a wide range of sports (De La Rubia et al, 2020;Finlay, 2022;Hébert-Losier, Platt, & Hopkins, 2015), sometimes related somehow to triathlon (Haupt et al, 2013;Knechtle et al, 2020) but also very similar sports as duathlon (P. T. P. Nikolaidis, Villiger, Vancini, Rosemann, & Knechtle, 2018;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Has Covid-19 pandemic influenced the performance of top-class triathletes in the Sprint and Olympic dis-tance of the ITU World Triathlon Championship Series?

García González,

González Jurado

2024

Retos

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The ITU World Triathlon Championship Series (WTS) is the top championship for triathlon in Sprint (SPD) and Olympic distance (OD). The influence of COVID-pandemic on triathlon is not yet clear. The aim of the present study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on performance in the WTS focusing on male and female categories and the SPD and OD. The Student's t-test for independent samples comparing sex and distances was used for normal variables, whereas the Mann-Whitney U-test was used for non-normal variables. The analysis of the OD revealed significant changes in all the studied variables for either sex. In this distance, men improved more in cycling performance and final performance than women (p values ˂0.001). The SPD displayed significant changes in performance in most of the analyzed variables. In this distance, men showed greater change values in swimming and cycling performance (p values ˂0.001) whereas women showed them in running performance (p value ˂0.001). The analysis of relative changes across the different distances revealed important significant differences in almost all variables. The variable with a larger effect size was the final performance (3.728; 12.605; 3.006). In overall, SPD shows better values of changes than OD in swimming, running performance and first transition phase (p values ˂0.001; ˂0.001; 0.001) but it is on the way around for the cycling and running performance (p values ˂0.001). These results suggest that triathletes participating in WTS in both sexes were able to not only maintain but also improve their final performance level despite COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, World Championship, swimming, cycling, running, transition.

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Participation and performance trends in short-, medium, and long-distance duathlon

Turnwald

Sousa

Andrade

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Participation and performance trends of male and female athletes have been thoroughly analyzed in various endurance sports. Knowing these trends can help coaches and athletes prepare for competitions and may influence their training strategy and career planning. However, duathlon events—consisted of two splits of running (Run1 and Run2) interspersed by a split of cycling (Bike)—have not been thoroughly studied, unlike other endurance sports. The present study aimed to compare participation and performance trends in duathletes who competed in duathlon races hosted by World Triathlon or affiliated National Federations between 1990 and 2021. A total of 25,130 results of age group finishers who competed in run-bike-run duathlon races of varying distances were analyzed with different general linear models. Races were divided into three distances: short-distance (up to 5.5 km run, 21 km bike, 5 km run), medium-distance (5–10 km run, 30–42 km bike, 7–11 km run) and long-distance (at least 14 km run, 60 km bike, 25 km run). On average, women represented 45.6% of all finishers in short-distance, 39.6% in medium-distance and 24.9% in long-distance duathlon races. Throughout the years, men were consistently faster than women in all three race legs (Run 1, Bike, and Run 2) in all three distances across all age groups, and women could not reduce the performance gap. Concerning the age of peak performance, duathletes of the age group 30–34 finished most often in the top three in short- and medium-distance duathlons, whereas male duathletes of the age group 25–29 and female duathletes of the age group 30–34 finished most often in the top three in long-distance duathlons. Women participated less, especially in longer distances, and were constantly slower than men. Duathletes of the age group 30–34 finished most often in the top three. Future studies should analyze participation and performance trends in further subgroups (e.g., elite athletes) and pacing behaviours.

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The Effect of Sex and Performance Level on Pacing in Duathlon

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Detection of neuromechanical acute fatigue-related responses during a duathlon simulation: Is tensiomyography sensitive enough?

Detection of neuromechanical acute fatigue-related responses during a duathlon simulation: Is tensiomyography sensitive enough?

Has Covid-19 pandemic influenced the performance of top-class triathletes in the Sprint and Olympic dis-tance of the ITU World Triathlon Championship Series?

Participation and performance trends in short-, medium, and long-distance duathlon

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