Kinetic analysis and mechanical properties of nanoclay reinforced unsaturated polyester (UP) resins cured at low temperatures

Xu, Liqun; Lee, L. James

doi:10.1002/pen.20309

Cited by 43 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In particular, most of the studies were performed on epoxy systems, whereas according to our investigation, less attention has been focused on polyester-based nanocomposites. In particular, some studies have focused on the effects of the introduction of nanoclays [12][13][14][15][16][17] and POSS [18][19] on the curing kinetics of UP nanocomposites. In particular, Zhou et al [17] found a delaying effect of modified montmorillonite nanoplatelets on the curing reaction of polyester matrices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of carbon nanofibers on the cure kinetics of unsaturated polyester resin: Thermal and chemorheological modelling

Monti

Puglia

Natali

et al. 2011

Composites Science and Technology

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Please cite this article as: Monti, M., Puglia, D., Natali, M., Torre, L., Kenny, J.M., Effect of carbon nanofibers on the cure kinetics of unsaturated polyester resin: thermal and chemorheological modelling, Composites Science and Technology (2011), doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2011 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractWe report the study of the effects of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on the cure kinetics and on the chemorheology of unsaturated polyester resins (UP). Two main experimental techniques were utilized: differential scanning calorimetry and rheometry. Isothermal and dynamic tests were performed on the neat polyester resin and on two nanocomposite systems, with 0.5 and 1.0 wt% of CNFs. Furthermore, a TGA study of the selected systems at different isothermal temperatures was performed to evaluate the styrene consumption and related loss rate during the curing process. Subsequently, a phenomenological model (autocatalytic approach) was applied to the experimental data, both in isothermal and dynamic conditions. In the case of dynamic curing, the evidence of multiple peaks in the heat flow curves was studied through the deconvolution of the overall reaction thermogram in single reaction steps. An empirical rheological model coupled with the reaction kinetics was successfully applied to simulate the viscosity changes of the UP matrix. Experimental and modelling results demonstrate the presence of a delay effect of the CNFs on the cure of the UP resin matrix.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of carbon nanofibers on the cure kinetics of unsaturated polyester resin: Thermal and chemorheological modelling

Monti

Puglia

Natali

et al. 2011

Composites Science and Technology

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“…This response is characteristic of materials reinforced with stiff materials and is particularly noticeable for the intercalated glassy nanocomposites [23,27] . Tensile modulus of nanocomposites mainly depend on the modulus of constitute components.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Nanoclay has been successfully used to improve mechanical [7][8][9][10] , thermal [11] , barrier [12][13][14] and many other properties, such as wear resistance and biocompatibility of composite materials [15][16][17] . Nanoclay has been used with epoxy matrix [18][19][20][21][22] , polyester matrix [23][24][25] and hybrids [26,27] . The enhancement of mechanical properties on nanocomposites depends on the intercalated or exfoliated content (Figure 1) of nanoclay in the polymer matrix [19] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcing Effect of Nanoclay in Bamboo-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Composites

Kushwaha

Kumar

2011

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering

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In this research described here, thermoset polymers modified with nanoclay have been used to produce bamboo-reinforced hybrid composites. The thermoset polymers used were epoxy and polyester resins: 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% clay (w.r.t to matrix weight) were added in the matrix to prepare hybrid composites with bamboo mat. Mechanical, thermal and water absorption properties were compared with non-hybrid composites. It was found that there were different optimal conditions of sample preparation for epoxy and polyester based composites. Addition of clay enhances the elastic modulus of the hybrid composites. Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) of hybrids showed that the addition of clay increases the thermal stability.

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“…On this fi eld, it is well-known that nano-layered silicates and nanoclays possessing high surface to volume ratio, may improve the mechanical properties of the polymer-nanoclay system, if they achieve an optimum degree of intercalation or exfoliation. For instance, the effect of high-shear mechanical mixing and sonication methods on the physical properties of the nanocomposites has been analyzed [1] using modifi ed clays with a quarternary ammonium salt and calcium carbonate [2] , and also using silane-treated clays [3] . Although the nanoclay is usually chemically-modifi ed to make it organophilic and compatible with the polymer matrix, untreated MMT was also used, taking advantage of its high swelling capacity in polar liquids like water or alcohol, allowing the expansion of the interlaminar spacing and the subsequent monomer and/or polymer intercalation or exfoliation of the clay after polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsaturated polyester-clay slurry nanocomposites

Rivera-Gonzaga

Sanchez-Solis

Sánchez-Olivares

et al. 2012

Journal of Polymer Engineering

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In this work, nanocomposites were produced with an unsaturated polyester resin and sodium montmorillonite (MMT) slurry. Upon increasing the clay content [from 1 to 5 parts per hundred resin (phr)] increments of 57 % and up to 120 % were found in the fl exural modulus, with respect to that of the resin alone. Using clay slurry, the cross-linking reaction was affected by the clay, in such a way that the gelation temperature and the thermal stability increased. Using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, resin intercalation into the MMT silicate layers was observed and the fracture morphology revealed the effect of the clay slurry on the nanocomposite morphology. Furthermore, shear and oscillatory rheological tests revealed the formation of a structure between resin and clay at low shear rates, and the presence of this structure was evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements.

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Kinetic analysis and mechanical properties of nanoclay reinforced unsaturated polyester (UP) resins cured at low temperatures

Cited by 43 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of carbon nanofibers on the cure kinetics of unsaturated polyester resin: Thermal and chemorheological modelling

Effect of carbon nanofibers on the cure kinetics of unsaturated polyester resin: Thermal and chemorheological modelling

Reinforcing Effect of Nanoclay in Bamboo-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Composites

Unsaturated polyester-clay slurry nanocomposites

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