IMPORTANCEA rapid nutritional transition has caused greater childhood obesity prevalence in many countries, but the repertoire of effective preventive interventions remains limited.OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of a novel multifaceted intervention for obesity prevention in primary school children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSA cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted during a single school year (from September 11, 2018, to June 30, 2019) across 3 socioeconomically distinct regions in China according to a prespecified trial protocol. Twenty-four schools were randomly allocated (1:1) to the intervention or the control group, with 1392 eligible children aged 8 to 10 years participating. Data from the intent-to-treat population were analyzed from October 1 to December 31, 2019.INTERVENTIONS A multifaceted intervention targeted both children (promoting healthy diet and physical activity) and their environment (engaging schools and families to support children's behavioral changes). The intervention was novel in its strengthening of family involvement with the assistance of a smartphone app. The control schools engaged in their usual practices. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcome was the change in body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in square meters) from baseline to the end of the trial. Secondary outcomes included changes in adiposity outcomes (eg, BMI z score, prevalence of obesity), blood pressure, physical activity and dietary behaviors, obesity-related knowledge, and physical fitness. Generalized linear mixed models were used in the analyses. RESULTS Among the 1392 participants (mean [SD] age, 9.6 [0.4] years; 717 boys [51.5%]; mean [SD] BMI, 18.6 [3.7]), 1362 (97.8%) with follow-up data were included in the analyses. From baseline to the end of the trial, the mean BMI decreased in the intervention group, whereas it increased in the control group; the mean between-group difference in BMI change was −0.46 (95% CI, −0.67 to −0.25; P < .001), which showed no evidence of difference across different regions, sexes, maternal education levels, and primary caregivers (parents vs nonparents). The prevalence of obesity decreased by 27.0% of the baseline figure (a relative decrease) in the intervention group, compared with 5.6% in the control group. The intervention also improved other adiposity outcomes, dietary, sedentary, and physical activity behaviors, and obesity-related knowledge, but it did not change moderate-to vigorous-intensity physical activity, physical fitness, or blood pressure. No adverse events were observed during the intervention. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThe multifaceted intervention effectively reduced the mean BMI and obesity prevalence in primary school children across socioeconomically distinct regions in China, suggesting its potential for national scaling.

We investigate a holistic approach to real-time gaze tracking by means of a well-defined neural network modelling strategy combined with robust image processing algorithms. Based on captured greyscale eye images, the system effectively learns the gaze direction of a human user by modelling implicitly corresponding eye appearance-the relative positions of the pupil, cornea, and light reflection inside the eye socket. In operation, the gaze tracker provides a fast, cheap, and flexible means finding the focus of a user's attention on any of the objects displayed on a computer screen. It works in an open-plan office environment under normal illumination without using any specialised hardware. It can be easily customised to a new user and integrated into an application system that demands an intelligent non-command interface.

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Pulling force is the summation of resistance forces along a pultrusion die. Its mechanism is complicated because the impregnated resin inside the compressed fiber reinforcement changes from a liquid to a gel, and finally to a solid in the die. Two methods, a ‘mat tracer’method and a ‘short die length’ method, were used to determine the pulling force distribution. Results show that the downstream part of the die contributes little to the pulling force. In order to predict the resistance force in both the injection die and the heating die, two models were developed in this study. A friction measurement device was designed to measure the friction coefficient between the composite and the mold surface. The effect of process variables, such as temperature, resin conversion, normal force, and line speed, on the friction coefficient was investigated and a friction coefficient model was proposed based on the experimental results. A volume change model of vinylester resin was also developed to predict the thermal expansion–polymerization shrinkage during curing. The parameters of the model were determined by dilatometry, thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).