Kinetic control of chirality and circularly polarized luminescence in G-quartet materials

Abstract

The formation of chirality of G-quartet materials has been of concern for a long time, however, its helix-handedness of G-quartet materials is still ambiguous, as well as the novel circularly...

Guanine Analogue-Based Assemblies: Construction and Luminescence Functions

“…For instance, with Sr 2+ and Ba 2+ at lower concentrations and/or K + , the G-quartets were formed with homopolar and heteropolar stacking modes, while the Sr 2+ and Ba 2+ at higher concentrations and/or Ca 2+ merely led G-quartets to pile up in the heteropolar stacking mode (Figure f 1 ) . Feng et al reported that the factors influencing the assembly rate could also disturb the rotational orientation in heaping G-quartets, such as the experimental temperature and concentration of reactants . These authors pointed out that the slow assembly process could lead to thermodynamic equilibrium and right-helical G-quadruplex nanofibers, yet the fast assembly process could result in the kinetic trap state and left-helical ones.…”

“…Recently, the nondoping fluorescent G-based assemblies have been well explored, such as GMP-based carbon dots, G-quadruplex ionogels with adjustable chirality, and GMP-based chiral thermotropic liquid crystals (CTLC), as shown in Figure b 1 –b 3 . − In ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate (EAN), the photoluminescence property of the purine chromophore was preserved and the forming G-quadruplex independently delivered the expected CPL, which was exactly distinct from the performance in aqueous solution. ,, By the impact of water, the fluorescence of the chromophore in aqueous solution was quenched at a lower concentration and did not appear until reaching a higher concentration . This phenomenon implies the clustering-triggered emission (CTE) of the guanine molecules.…”

“…14 Feng et al reported that the factors influencing the assembly rate could also disturb the rotational orientation in heaping G-quartets, such as the experimental temperature and concentration of reactants. 15 These authors pointed out that the slow assembly process could lead to thermodynamic equilibrium and right-helical G-quadruplex nanofibers, yet the fast assembly process could result in the kinetic trap state and left-helical ones. Recently, Liu et al 16 reported that the overturning of CD signals emerged in G-quadruplexes stabilized by anions.…”

“…34−36 In ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate (EAN), the photoluminescence property of the purine chromophore was preserved and the forming G-quadruplex independently delivered the expected CPL, 35 which was exactly distinct from the performance in aqueous solution. 15,22,33 By the impact of water, the fluorescence of the chromophore in aqueous solution was quenched at a lower concentration and did not appear until reaching a higher concentration. 37 This phenomenon implies the clustering-triggered emission (CTE) of the guanine molecules.…”

A molecular crowding thermo-switchable chiral G-quartet hydrogel with circularly polarized luminescence property

“…In the theory of kinetic trapping, self-assembly is not a thermodynamic equilibrium state, but it is a process with high potential energy. 17 When the gelling process was in an ice-water bath, the sudden cooling condition led to kinetic traps. In contrast, the annealing gelling progress led to a thermodynamically stable state.…”