Kinetic distribution of paeoniflorin in cortex of normal and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats after intravenous administration ofPaeoniae Radix extract

Abstract

The time course of paeoniflorin in the cortex of normal and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats, following intravenous administration of Paeoniae Radix extract at a dose of 60 mg/kg of paeoniflorin, was determined using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay. The results showed that paeoniflorin could penetrate through the blood-brain barrier to reach the cortex, and that the injuries of ischemia-reperfusion could play an important role in pharmacokinetic process of paeoniflorin in the cortex after intravenous administration of Paeoniae Radix extract. The cortex concentrations of paeoniflorin in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats were lower 5 min after dosing and declined more slowly than that in normal control.

Paeoniflorin attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury via anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that PF is able to increase SOD levels in ischemic brain tissue, and reduce MDA content (27). In addItion, it has been suggested that PF inhibits the production of free radicals, improves SOD activity in the brain, and decreases MDA content following cerebral ischemia; therefore protecting secondary neurons from injury (15,28,29). PF has a strong anti-inflammatory effect, which has been shown to reduce the enhanced phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis models, and lower levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 (30)(31)(32).…”

“…Previous studies have studied the pharmacological effects of PF, and detected activities of the compound, including anti-radical damage, intracellular calcium-overload inhibition and anti-neurotoxicity, as well as numerous biological effects, including blood vessel dilatation, microcirculation improvement, anti-oxidization and anti-convulsion (12)(13)(14). Furthermore, Cao et al (15) demonstrated a protective effect of PF on the blood-brain barrier following cerebral ischemia, as well as on local cerebral blood flow and brain edema. Furthermore, it has been indicated that PF may have a significant protective role in focal cerebral ischemic injury, by inhibiting intracellular calcium overload, protecting against free radicals, and improving cerebral vasomotor dysfunction caused by ischemia and anoxia (16).…”

“…PF can also significantly increase SOD levels in rat brain tissue, decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and alleviate oxidative stress injury in brain tissue caused by cerebral ischemia (16). Previous studies have demonstrated that PF may markedly reduce the expression levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (15,17). NF-κB and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression levels decreased gradually with increasing PF concentrations (18)(19)(20).…”

Natural compounds from traditional medicinal herbs in the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

“…However, this problem may be resolved by the development of separation techniques. Recent studies have demonstrated that some of these compounds, such as paeoniflorin [78] , emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside [79] , baicalin [80] , and curcuma oil [11] , have the ability to penetrate the bloodbrain barrier and achieve wide distribution in the brain, which is critical for CNS effects. It is easy to understand that the highly lipophilic structure of curcuma oil greatly enhances its access to the brain.…”

Development and validation of a sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of paeoniflorin in rat brain and its application to pharmacokinetic study

“…The determination of PF in different biological matrices like serum [23,24], urine [25], plasma [26], and hippocampus [21,22] have been well established by using high performance liquid chromatography with ultra-violet spectroscopy detection (HPLC/UV). Although these methods present adequate linearity, precision and recovery, they show a series of limitations including lack of sensitivity which results in the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) ranged from 10 ng/mL to 3.8 g/mL and long chromatographic times (≥15 min).…”