Kinetic Exchange Studies on Clays With Radioactive Calcium

Borland, J. W.; Reitemeier, R. F.

doi:10.1097/00010694-195004000-00001

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…It also corresponds to a very static picture of the cation exchange process and indeed assumes implicitly that a given cation saturating an exchange site can remain "on" that site for an extended period of time. In reality, the available experimental evidence indicates that the residence times of cations in the vicinity of clay surfaces are short, even when the clay platelets are stacked in quasi-crystals (e.g., Borland and Reitemeier, 1950). Under these conditions, the adsorption strength of an exchange site is not able in and of itself to prevent the replacement of a saturating cation, e.g., X, by one of the other species, say Y.…”

Section: Surface Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hysteresis in the Binary Exchange of Cations on 2:1 Clay Minerals: A Critical Review

Verburg

Baveye

1994

Clays and clay miner.

104

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Abstract--The binary exchange of cations on clays and soils is generally regarded as a thermodynamically reversible process. The literature on soil chemistry and geochemistry, however, abounds with reports on cation exchange reactions that appear to have only limited reversibility, i.e., that exhibit hysteresis. A satisfactory explanation of this phenomenon is still lacking, even though a number of mechanisms have been advocated, e.g., charge or site heterogeneity at the surface, differential hydration of cations, dehydration of the exchanger, crystalline swelling hysteresis, and inaccessibility of sites caused by domain or quasi-crystal formation. In the present article, the relevant literature is reviewed and analyzed critically. On the basis of available evidence, it is shown that exchangeable cations can be classified into three groups, defined in such a way that hysteresis has, in the literature, generally not been observed when exchange reactions involved cations belonging to the same group, but has often been found when the reactions involved cations from different groups. Furthermore, it is argued that none of the five mechanisms mentioned can, in and of itself, account fully for the observed exchange hysteresis. A conceptual model is proposed that combines elements of these five mechanisms and is able to describe, at least qualitatively, the effects of factors such as clay type, electrolyte concentration, and extent of dehydration.

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Section: Surface Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hysteresis in the Binary Exchange of Cations on 2:1 Clay Minerals: A Critical Review

Verburg

Baveye

1994

Clays and clay miner.

104

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“…Ion exchange reactions occur very rapidly (Kelley, 1948;Borland & Reitemeier, 1950), and sediments falling through a lake are probably in exchange equilibrium with the water before they reach the bottom. If diagenetic changes were slight, the exchangeable ions of ancient sediments should reveal useful information about the chemistry of ancient lake waters.…”

Section: Exchangeable Cations In the P-2 Corementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is unlikely that pore water solutes have made a significant contribution to the exchange data. Empirical support for this contention comes from the partition of radioactive ions between exchangers and solutions studied by Borland & Reitemeier (1950). If all the measured P-2 cations were actually in solution, their concentrations would be 50 times greater than those of the lake today.…”

Section: Exchangeable Cations In the P-2 Corementioning

confidence: 99%

An Ecological History of the Lake Victoria Basin

Kendall¹

1969

Ecological Monographs

349

245

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assisted in the coring operations. J. F. Tailing and Ida B. Tailing contributed unpublished chemical data from Pilkington Bay. J. C. D. Watts sent echograms of the bay. At Duke, S. Duncan Heron provided X-ray diffraction equipment, and Marion R. Bryson helped with the statistical analyses. Mark A. Mantuani taught me sediment chemistry, and Peter Kilham did the same for phytoplankton biology. D. A. Living. stone and J. L. Richardson have been unfailing sources of instruction and perceptive commentary. Sally M. Kendall, my wife, prepared the data tables with amazingly good humor. Sandra F. Zane drew most of the figures, and Joan Howard created the final typescript.

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“…Later Gedroiz (1919) found that equilibrium was established within 1 to 5 minutes in tests in which 10 grams of soils was shaken for varying periods of time with 100 ml of IN solutions of ammonium chloride, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride. Borland and Reitemeier (1950) used radioactive Ca45 to demonstrate that equilibration of calcium between the solution and solid fractions of aqueous systems of kaolinite, halloysite, hydrous mica, beidellite, and montorillonite is complete, or virtually so, after shaking for % to 1 hour. Techniques used did not permit the study of shorter periods.…”

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion-exchange minerals and disposal of radioactive wastes-- A survey of literature

Robinson¹

1962

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Ion-exchange property of minerals.______________________________ 2 Radioactive waste disposal____________________________________ 3 Acknowledgements-___________________________________________ 4 Adsorption and ion exchange: General.______________________________ Colloid science ________________________________________________ 4 Colloids defined._______________________.__.______^___^___ 5 Classification of colloids.___________________________________ 5 Size of colloidal particles.__________________________________ 5 Examples of colloids.______________________________________

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Kinetic Exchange Studies on Clays With Radioactive Calcium

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Hysteresis in the Binary Exchange of Cations on 2:1 Clay Minerals: A Critical Review

Hysteresis in the Binary Exchange of Cations on 2:1 Clay Minerals: A Critical Review

An Ecological History of the Lake Victoria Basin

Ion-exchange minerals and disposal of radioactive wastes-- A survey of literature

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