Kinetic measures of restabilisation during volitional stepping reveal age-related alterations in the control of mediolateral dynamic stability

Singer, Jonathan C.; McIlroy, William E.; Prentice, Stephen D.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.08.022

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In fact, an optimal balance during walking requires continuous integrative control, particularly in a lateral direction, due to inherent instability associated with single limb support [52]. There is now considerable evidence for the effects of age on ML motion [53][54][55][56], some of which have been associated with increased fall risk [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Associated Changes on Gait Smoothness in the Third and the Fourth Age

et al. 2023

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Although gait disorders represent a highly prevalent condition in older adults, the alterations associated with physiologic aging are often not easily differentiable from those originated by concurrent neurologic or orthopedic conditions. Thus, the detailed quantitative assessment of gait patterns represents a crucial issue. In this context, the study of trunk accelerations may represent an effective proxy of locomotion skills in terms of symmetry. This can be carried out by calculating the Harmonic Ratio (HR), a parameter obtained through the processing of trunk accelerations in the frequency domain. In this study, trunk accelerations during level walking of 449 healthy older adults (of age > 65) who were stratified into three groups (Group 1: 65–74 years, n = 175; Group 2: 75–85 years, n = 227; Group 3: >85 years, n = 47) were acquired by means of a miniaturized Inertial Measurement Unit located in the low back and processed to obtain spatio-temporal parameters of gait and HR, in antero-posterior (AP), medio-lateral (ML) and vertical (V) directions. The results show that Group 3 exhibited a 16% reduction in gait speed and a 10% reduction in stride length when compared with Group 1 (p < 0.001 in both cases). Regarding the cadence, Group 3 was characterized by a 5% reduction with respect to Groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.001 in both cases). The analysis of HR revealed a general trend of linear decrease with age in the three groups. In particular, Group 3 was characterized by HR values significantly lower (−17%) than those of Group 1 in all three directions and significantly lower than Group 2 in ML and V directions (−10%). Taken together, such results suggest that HR may represent a valid measure to quantitatively characterize the progressive deterioration of locomotor abilities associated with aging, which seems to occur until the late stages of life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Associated Changes on Gait Smoothness in the Third and the Fourth Age

et al. 2023

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“…The APAs were considered to begin when one of the anteroposterior and mediolateral accelerations of the COM deviated 2.5 standard deviations from its baseline value until the toe-off of the dominant foot [25,34]. The end of the motion was defined as the time-point at which the mediolateral COM velocity remained within 2 standard deviations of the mean calculated during the terminal-stance quiet standing after the end of the stepping [25,35]. Each phase was normalized from 0 to 100%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instability during Stepping and Distance between the Center of Mass and the Minimal Moment Axis: Effect of Age and Speed

Watier,

Begue,

Pillet

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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The goal of this study was to analyze instability during stepping at different speeds in young and older adults. To this aim, the anteroposterior and the mediolateral distances between the body center of mass (COM) and the minimum moment axis (MMA) were computed. A total of 15 young adults (25 y.o. [19–29]) and 15 older adults (68.7 y.o. [63–77]) volunteered for this study. For the computation of the distances, a complete biomechanical protocol combining two force platforms and a 3D motion capture analysis system was setup. The subjects were equipped with 47 reflective markers and were modeled as a frictionless multibody system with 19 segments, 18 joints and 42 degrees of freedom. They were asked to perform a series of stepping tasks at fast and spontaneous speeds. The stepping was divided into five phases, with successive swing and double-stance phases. Greater instability was observed during the swing phases. The distances reveal a significant higher instability at fast speed for both groups (p < 0.001) for all the phases compared with spontaneous speeds. The anteroposterior distance was significantly greater for older adults, highlighting greater instability compared to young adults, while no differences were observed for the mediolateral distance all along the five phases, suggesting higher risks of backward and forward falls during stepping.

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“…Precisely, this event corresponded to the instant at which one of these velocities deviated 2 standard deviations from its final baseline value. The end of the stepping movement (T f ) was defined as the time-point at which the mediolateral CoM velocity remained within 2 standard deviations of the mean calculated during the terminal-stance quiet standing after the end of the stepping 30 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmental contribution to whole-body angular momentum during stepping in healthy young and old adults

Begue¹,

Peyrot

Lesport³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Recent evidence suggests that during volitional stepping older adults control whole-body angular momentum (H) less effectively than younger adults, which may impose a greater challenge for balance control during this task in the elderly. This study investigated the influence of aging on the segment angular momenta and their contributions to H during stepping. Eighteen old and 15 young healthy adults were instructed to perform a series of stepping at two speed conditions: preferred and as fast as possible. Full-body kinematics were recorded to compute angular momenta of the trunk, arms and legs and their contributions to total absolute H on the entire stepping movement. Results indicated that older adults exhibited larger angular momenta of the trunk and legs in the sagittal plane, which contributed to a higher sagittal plane H range during stepping compared to young adults. Results also revealed that older adults had a greater trunk contribution and lower leg contribution to total absolute H in the sagittal plane compared to young adults, even though there was no difference in the other two planes. These results stress that age-related changes in H control during stepping arise as a result of changes in trunk and leg rotational dynamics.

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Kinetic measures of restabilisation during volitional stepping reveal age-related alterations in the control of mediolateral dynamic stability

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Age-Associated Changes on Gait Smoothness in the Third and the Fourth Age

Age-Associated Changes on Gait Smoothness in the Third and the Fourth Age

Instability during Stepping and Distance between the Center of Mass and the Minimal Moment Axis: Effect of Age and Speed

Segmental contribution to whole-body angular momentum during stepping in healthy young and old adults

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