Kinetic Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Hydro‐Catalytic Upgrading of Anisole as a Model Compound of Bio‐Oils Derived from Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin over Co/γ‐Al₂O₃

Abstract

Hydro‐catalytic upgrading of anisole, as a representative of methoxy functionality model component of lignin‐derived bio‐oil over synthesized Co/γ–Al2O3 catalyst, has been studied to determine the reactions kinetics and network. The catalytic conversion was carried out in a fixed‐bed tubular micro‐activity flow reactor at 573–723 K, 8 bar, and the space velocity of 3–120 (g of Anisole)/(g of catalyst×h), in the presence of hydrogen. According to selectivity‐conversion data, anisole was converted to benzene and toluene via hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), phenol via hydrogenolysis and phenol derivatives via alkylation and trans‐alkylation. Furthermore, a pseudo‐first‐order model has been developed to estimate the apparent activation energy and kinetic constants. Toluene formation pathway possessed the minimum apparent activation energy. From experimental results, hydrogenolysis and HDO are characterized by the highest and lowest rate, respectively among various reactions on Co/γ–Al2O3. The overall rate of anisole conversion over Co/γ–Al2O3 was higher than that of commercial CoMo/γ–Al2O3 catalyst. Sensitivity analysis of operating conditions indicated that operating temperature increment improved the overall anisole conversion and selectivity to benzene as the main HDO product.

Catalytic hydrotreatment of lignin‐derived pyrolysis bio‐oils using Cu/γ‐Al 2 O 3 catalyst: Reaction network development and kinetic study of anisole upgrading

“…Moreover, in comparison to hydrogenolysis, hydrodeoxygenation reaction is a kinetically slower reaction. The developed reaction network for catalytic hydrotreatment of anisole over Cu/γ‐Al 2 O 3 (Figure 16) is one of the detailed and quantitative reaction networks, which is broadly consistent with previous investigation 16,19,21,28,41,43‐45 . As shown in Figure 16, phenol is produced from HDO of anisole with the production of methane as the primary product with the highest selectivity among different products.…”

“…16) is one of the detailed and quantitative reaction networks, which is broadly consistent with previous investigation. 16,19,21,28,41,[43][44][45] As shown in Figure 16, phenol is produced from HDO of anisole with the production of methane as the primary product with the highest selectivity among different products. 2-Methylanisole and 2-methylphenol are produced via alkylation reaction of anisole as primary products.…”

The Effect of (3‐Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPS) Coating on the Genetic Detection Performance of Quartz Crystal Microbalance‐Dissipation (QCM‐D) Biosensor: Novel Intact Double‐Layered Surface Modification on QCM‐D

“…Thus, a gap‐free, smooth and stable precursor coating environment was provided for the MPS stratification step. It is known that the procedure that ensures the most optimal performance of the MPS stratification step is 0.1 % MPS+0.5 % DIW at room temperature and pH 9.0 [29b] . With the ID‐MPS method, surface modification was carried out under suitable conditions for both the phase containing thiol‐gold interaction and the phase containing condensation and stratification at the same time, and the sulfo‐SMCC used for surface functionalization could be used efficiently.…”

Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis Process of Neem Seed to Produce Valuable Fuels over RFCC Catalyst: Process Development and Evaluation

“…[4][5][6] Substitution of fossil fuels with renewable energy (RE) resources and development of efficient technologies solve environmental problems such as global warming, acid rain, soil acidity and emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) caused by fossil fuel overuse. [7][8][9][10] Renewable energy is obtained from natural processes that are replenished continuously such as electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, biomass, ocean, geothermal, hydropower resources. [5,11] Biomass plays an important role in the future of energy sector and they can supply the major part of worldwide energy requirement.…”