Kinetic models for the oxidation of organic substrates at boron-doped diamond anodes

Electrochemical degradation of chloramphenicol using Ti-based SnO2–Sb–Ni electrode

“…As a consequence of the limitations of conventional wastewater treatment plants in removing antibiotics, several efforts are being made to improve the removal ratio of antibiotics, such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) by forming highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (•OH), especially electrochemical oxidation (EO) (Marcelino et al 2015). EO process has proved to be an effective and versatile technology for the treatment of a wide range of contaminants (Hems et al 2016;Moreira et al 2017;Chang et al 2020;Novak Jovanovićet al 2020). In electro-oxidation, pollutants can be removed by (i) direct electrolysis, where pollutants exchange electrons directly with the anode surface without involvement of other substances, or (ii) indirect electrolysis, where organic pollutants do not exchange electrons directly with the anode surface but rather through the mediation of some electroactive species regenerated there, which act as intermediaries for electrons shuttling between the electrode and the organic compounds (Panizza & Cerisola 2009).…”

“…The (•OH) radicals with a high standard redox potential (E 0 ¼ 2.80 eV) are recognized as the second-strongest oxidants after fluorine (Salazar et al 2016). The •OH radicals react rapidly and non-selective with contaminants, which are eventually mineralized into CO 2 and H 2 O (Hems et al 2016;Jan et al 2018). These oxidizing hydroxyl radicals M(•OH) absorbed physically can be easily produced by applying a specific current to an metal oxide anode (M) surface according to the following reaction ( 1…”