Kinetic Study of Homogeneous Catalyzed Esterification of a Series of Aliphatic Acids with Different Alcohols

Abstract

The kinetic study of esterification of series of aliphatic carboxylic acids (C1–C5) with various alcohols (n-propanol, isopropanol, and n-butanol) have been conducted using sulfuric acid as a catalyst in batch experiments. Effects of variables such as reaction temperature, catalyst loading, and initial mole ratio of reactants were investigated in detail. Temperature dependence reaction rates and activation energies were determined by the Arrhenius plot. Impact and reactivity of the series of linear chain length of carboxylic acids on esterification reactions were investigated in terms of steric and polar effects of the α substituents on the carboxylic group.

Efficient Dehydration of C6–10-α,ω-Alkanediols to Alkadienes as Catalyzed by Aliphatic Acids

“…To further examine the influence of acid on the pyrolysis step, 1,10-decanediol was reacted with formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and isobutyric acid to prepare the corresponding esters. It turned out that the weaker the aliphatic acid, harsher the condition required in esterification, in line with previous findings . More details are shown in Table .…”

“…It turned out that the weaker the aliphatic acid, harsher the condition required in esterification, in line with previous findings. 24 More details are shown in Table 1.…”

Esterification of propanoic acid in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst

“…Esters are suitable intermediates in the synthesis of different compounds; have great application as solvents, plasticizers, pesticides, emulsifiers and monomers; they are used in the food, cosmetics, chemical and pharmaceutical industries (ALI et al, 2007;NEJI et al, 2009;JU et al, 2011;MEKALA and GOLI, 2015). Due to the widespread use of esters in the chemical and related industries, there are currently about 500 commercial esters (SAHU and PANDIT, 2019).…”

“…In the esterification reaction, acids (mostly organic) and alcohol give esters and water. The reaction is reversible, slow and without the use of catalysts lasts an infinitely long time and with low yield (JYOTI et al, 2016;KESHAV et al, 2018;SAHU and PANDIT, 2019). Therefore, the rate of the esterification reaction is increased in the presence of a catalyst.…”

Facile Synthesis of Homogeneous Catalyzed Esterification of Medium-Chain-Length Fatty Acids and Kinetic Study

“…Esters which have innumerable applications are the desired product of the esterification reaction. These esters comprise ecofriendly solvents, emulsifiers, pesticides, plasticizers, flavors, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, lubricants in ink and paints, textiles, and monomers used in the chemical industries. − Esterification of medium-chain-length fatty acids (MCLFAs) using acid catalyst has spurred a renewed interest in the context of biofuel. Biofuel or biodiesel are the esters of fatty acids which are synthesized from vegetable oils and fats by esterification of free fatty acids or transesterification of triglycerides.…”