Kinetic study of levulinic acid production from corn stalk at relatively high temperature using FeCl3 as catalyst: A simplified model evaluated

Zhi, Zehao; Li, Nan; Qiao, Yina; Zheng, Xujing; Wang, Haitao; Lü, Xuebin

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.07.058

Cited by 61 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…CC6 [b] C5 [b] Lignin [b] Ash [b] E&O [ corn stalks 0.412 [144] 0.415 [95] 0.1950.180 0.071 0.139 10.57 [145] 25 corn starch 0.444 [146] 0.985 [147] 0.0000.000 0.000 0.015 n.a. [c] n.a.…”

Section: Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Levulinic Acid and Ethyl Levulinate Economically Viable: A Worldwide Technoeconomic and Environmental Assessment of Possible Routes

et al. 2017

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Ethyl levulinate is a diesel additive that has received special attention recently due to its potential for production in large quantities from inexpensive feedstocks. Several processes have been developed for the conversion of biomass into levulinic acid and ethyl levulinate, and an economic analysis of these routes would indicate the main hindering factors of their commercialization. This Review focuses on filling this gap in current knowledge by gathering data from scientific papers and patents to create a simulation to analyze processes by focusing on the production of ethyl levulinate in nine countries or regions across the globe. The key indicator to analyze the economic feasibility of ethyl levulinate production is a comparison of its minimum selling price to the local wholesale price of diesel on an energy basis. Processes simulated in Brazil, China, and India presented promising results with feedstocks such as sugarcane bagasse and rice residues. Also, the integration of ethyl levulinate production into existing ethanol plants is a factor that may improve process economics. Overall, this Review specifies key factors in economic and environmental performances of the processes to indicate research topics that could achieve high impact on industrial‐scale processes once matured.

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“…CC6 [b] C5 [b] Lignin [b] Ash [b] E&O [ corn stalks 0.412 [144] 0.415 [95] 0.1950.180 0.071 0.139 10.57 [145] 25 corn starch 0.444 [146] 0.985 [147] 0.0000.000 0.000 0.015 n.a. [c] n.a.…”

Section: Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Levulinic Acid and Ethyl Levulinate Economically Viable: A Worldwide Technoeconomic and Environmental Assessment of Possible Routes

et al. 2017

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“…Under different pretreatment conditions, the yields of 5-HMF were very low, in the range of 0.09-1.9 g/100 g. Additionally, the high temperature may inhibit levulinic acid production. Because levulinic acid is a hydrolysate of 5-HMF [51], its amount reflects the hydrolysis degree of 5-HMF. It could be seen that the content of levulinic acid increased with increasing CS below 220 • C. When CS reached -1.56, that is, the reaction condition was 200 • C and 20 min, the yield of levulinic acid reached its peak at 4.09 g and then decreased continuously between 200 • C and 220 • C. It dropped to a minimum of 0.66 g at 240 • C although there was a small rebound.…”

Section: Microstructure Comparison By the Pretreatment Of Fecl 2 And mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Economical Method for Simultaneously Improving Pretreatment and Anaerobic Fermentation Effects on Corn Straw Using Ultra-Low Concentration FeCl2

et al. 2020

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Low pollution, slight corrosion, and low cost are the main challenges in the conversion of biomass to biogas. In this work, based on the whole process optimization of biomass conversion, an effective method using an ultra-low concentration of FeCl 2 was proposed to simultaneously promote the biochemical reaction and improve the pretreatment effect. The concentration of FeCl 2 in the pretreatment was determined according to the requirements of the minimum amount which led to the optimal performance of the anaerobic system and had economical importance. The effects of FeCl 2 in the pretreatment and anaerobic fermentation were evaluated by comparing with that of distilled water in the production of hydrolysis products and organic acids. The optimal condition was obtained at 180 • C and 10 min with 1 × 10 −5 mol/L FeCl 2 pretreatment. At that condition, hemicellulose achieved a high conversion of 97.6%, and the released xylose reached nearly 95%. At least 77.5% of the organic matter in the solution can be utilized for subsequent fermentation. FeCl 2 pretreatment also accelerated the anaerobic acidification fermentation process and promoted organic acid yields. The work provided a meaningful and economical choice for the conversion technology of biomass to biogas.

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“…Fe 3+ has a relevant catalytic effect on the reaction of xylose (Zhi et al 2015). Furthermore, the reaction of xylose catalyzed by FeCl3·6H2O is much faster than reactions with other chlorine salts (Marcotullio and De 2010).…”

Section: Furfural Production With the Assistance Of Fecl3•6h2omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Catalytic effects of many acidic heterogeneous catalysts including NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, FeCl3·6H2O, FeCl2·4H2O, MnCl2, and CuCl2·2H2O have been studied; the results showed that FeCl3·6H2O displayed superior performance (Mao et al 2013). Fe 3+ had a relevant catalytic effect on the reaction of xylose (Zhi et al 2015). Furthermore, the reaction of xylose catalyzed by FeCl3·6H2O was much faster than reactions with other chlorine salts (Marcotullio and De 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Production of Furfural from Corncob by an Integrated Mineral-Organic-Lewis Acid Catalytic Process

Zhang

et al. 2017

BioResources

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An M-O-L acid (mineral acid, organic acid, and Lewis acid)-catalyzed integrated process for furfural production from corncob was proposed to improve corncob conversion and furfural selectivity. First, the co-catalysts of sulfuric acid and acetic acid were investigated for their impact on furfural production. Sulfuric acid as a pretreatment catalyst was mixed with corncob before the experiment. Acetic acid, which is a byproduct of hemicellulose hydrolysis, was fed together with steam. The results showed that the cooperation of sulfuric acid and acetic acid decreased the total acid consumption dramatically. FeCl3·6H2O was also investigated as a cocatalyst in an effort to enhance the conversion of xylose to furfural and decrease furfural degradation. The integrated catalytic process achieved the highest furfural yield of 68.04% through the use of M-O-L acid under a reaction temperature of 180°C, 3v% acetic acid, 4.0 wt.% sulfuric acid of 0.6 mL/g liquid to solid ratio, and 5 g FeCl3·6H2O per 100 g of biomass.

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Kinetic study of levulinic acid production from corn stalk at relatively high temperature using FeCl3 as catalyst: A simplified model evaluated

Cited by 61 publications

References 29 publications

Making Levulinic Acid and Ethyl Levulinate Economically Viable: A Worldwide Technoeconomic and Environmental Assessment of Possible Routes

Making Levulinic Acid and Ethyl Levulinate Economically Viable: A Worldwide Technoeconomic and Environmental Assessment of Possible Routes

An Economical Method for Simultaneously Improving Pretreatment and Anaerobic Fermentation Effects on Corn Straw Using Ultra-Low Concentration FeCl2

Efficient Production of Furfural from Corncob by an Integrated Mineral-Organic-Lewis Acid Catalytic Process

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