Kinetic study of the esterification of acetic acid with butanol catalyzed by sulfated zirconia

Sert, Emine; Atalay, Ferhan Sami

doi:10.1007/s11144-009-0117-y

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Nowadays, many researchers are looking for new solid acid catalysts [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] for replacing traditional liquid acid catalysts, accompanied by such problems as corrosions and serious side reactions. Sulfated metal oxides [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] are attracting more and more attention in recent years and are becoming a type of very promising catalysts, because they are less corrosive and environmentally friendly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A deactivation mechanism of sulfated titania in the esterification of acetic acid and n-butanol

Shi

2013

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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The present work systematically investigated the deactivation of sulfated titania in the esterification of acetic acid and n-butanol. Under the set conditions, sulfated titania was used 20 times and for 10 h accumulatively. The catalyst had the largest catalytic activity of 95.69 % at the second cycle and then the catalytic activities gradually dropped, and the last-cycle conversion of acetic acid was 46.15 %, suggesting a serious deactivation of the catalyst of sulfated titania after use in 20 cycles. XPS, FTIR, XRD, BET, TG-DSC, TEM and NH 3 -TPD were employed to characterize the new and deactivated catalysts, to systemically study the deactivation phenomena of sulfated titania and to find some reasons for the considerable deactivation of sulfated titania in the esterification. Some deactivation phenomena were observed on the deactivated catalyst when compared with the new one.(1) The deactivated catalyst decreased its acidity, based on the IR and NH 3 -TPD characteristic results. (2) The deactivated catalyst increased its surface specific area and its pore volume, and decreased its pore diameter, based on the BET characteristic results. (3) Some carbon deposits appeared on the surface of the deactivated catalyst, and some originally active sulfate groups may have been lost, poisoned and turned into less-catalytic and non-catalytic sulfur species based on the XPS and TG-DSC results. (4) The deactivated catalyst decreased its crystallinity based on the XRD results. (5) The deactivated catalyst diminished in particle aggregation, based on the SEM results. Thus, a deactivation mechanism is tentatively proposed. Namely, some originally active surface sulfate groups may have been gradually turned into the undesired free sulfuric acid and organic sulfate esters hydrolysis by H 2 O and their alcoholysis by n-butanol, which may lead to a gradual acidity degradation of the catalyst so as to lead to a gradual deactivation of sulfated titania. All the characteristic results more or less support the proposed deactivation mechanism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulfated metal oxides [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] are attracting more and more attention in recent years and are becoming a type of very promising catalysts, because they are less corrosive and environmentally friendly. Besides, they also exhibit high catalytic activities in many kinds of acid catalyzed organic reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A deactivation mechanism of sulfated titania in the esterification of acetic acid and n-butanol

Shi

2013

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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“…SO 4 2-/M x O y solid acid catalysts have been widely used to catalyze many reactions, including dehydration, isomerization, acylation, esterification, alkylation and so on [1][2][3]. Compared to conventional mineral acids, SO 4 2-/M x O y solid acid catalysts have many outstanding advantages, such as strong acidity, high catalytic activity, easy separation, low waste generation and good environmental friendliness, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to conventional mineral acids, SO 4 2-/M x O y solid acid catalysts have many outstanding advantages, such as strong acidity, high catalytic activity, easy separation, low waste generation and good environmental friendliness, etc. [4]. Among them, two representative kinds of sulfated zirconia (SO 4 2-/ZrO 2 ) and sulfated titanium oxide (SO 4 2-/TiO 2 ) have been most frequently investigated because of their good catalytic performances in many reactions [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis, characterization and catalytic performances of S2O8 2−/Al-x wt%Ce–Zn–O solid acid catalysts

Wang

Pan

Meng

et al. 2010

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New types of S 2 O 8 2-/Al-x wt%Ce-Zn-O solid acid catalysts were prepared by the sol-gel method. Their catalytic performances for the synthesis of n-butyl acetate from acetic acid and n-butanol were investigated. The characterization of prepared catalysts was performed using XRD, IR, TG-DSC and SEM. The experimental results showed that the S 2 O 8 2-/Al-2.5 wt%Ce-Zn-O solid acid catalyst exhibited an optimal esterification performance with 98.71% esterification efficiency under the optimum synthesis conditions. Moreover, the S 2 O 8 2-/Al-2.5 wt%Ce-Zn-O solid acid catalyst retained its high activity with above 95% esterification efficiency after being used repeatedly for seven times, which indicated that the S 2 O 8 2-/Al-2.5 wt%Ce-Zn-O solid acid catalyst had excellent stability.

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Production of esters with numerous applications: Kinetics of Dowex 50W catalyzed transesterification of methyl acetate with three‐ and four‐carbon structured alcohols

Albusairi,

Almusallam,

Ali

et al. 2024

Can J Chem Eng

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In this investigation, a strongly acidic exchange resin was used for the transesterification of methyl acetate with n‐propanol, n‐butanol, and iso‐butanol. Kinetic and equilibrium experiments for the three systems were conducted using a temperature‐controlled batch reactor setup. The effects of the following operating parameters on the transesterification were explored: reaction temperature, catalyst loading, and methyl acetate‐to‐alcohol molar ratio. The conversion of the limiting reactant in the reaction mixture increased with increasing reaction temperature, catalyst loading, and varying reactant proportions from 1:1 to other ratios. It was found that excess methyl acetate would result in higher limiting reactant conversion than using excess alcohol with the same initial molar proportionality between the excess and the limiting reactants. It was found that an increase in the chain length of the alcohol and/or branching suppressed the conversion of the reactants owing to steric hindrance. To mathematically correlate the data, several kinetic models were tested, and the Eley–Rideal model was selected. Accordingly, a reaction mechanism was proposed.

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Kinetic study of the esterification of acetic acid with butanol catalyzed by sulfated zirconia

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

A deactivation mechanism of sulfated titania in the esterification of acetic acid and n-butanol

A deactivation mechanism of sulfated titania in the esterification of acetic acid and n-butanol

Synthesis, characterization and catalytic performances of S2O8 2−/Al-x wt%Ce–Zn–O solid acid catalysts

Production of esters with numerous applications: Kinetics of Dowex 50W catalyzed transesterification of methyl acetate with three‐ and four‐carbon structured alcohols

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