Kinetic Study of Used Vegetable Oil to Liquid Fuels over Sulfated Zirconia

Abstract

The conversion of spent vegetable oil to a synthetic chemical or direct cracking for upgrade of transport fuels are suitable ways to dispose of waste oil. This research intends to study the catalytic cracking of spent vegetable oil and thus change its classification from a waste produce to a liquid fuel as a new alternative for the replacement of petroleum fuels. This conversion was performed in a 70-cm 3 batch microreactor by varying the factors of temperature (over a range of 400-430 °C), reaction time (over a range of 30-90 min), and initial hydrogen pressure (over a range of 10-30 bar) over sulfated zirconia. A 2 k factorial experimental design was used to investigate the parameters that affect the gasoline fractions. The conditions that gave the highest conversion of gasoline (∼24.38%) were a temperature of 430 °C, a reaction time of 90 min, and a hydrogen pressure of 10 bar, whereas, under the same conditions, kerosene, light gas oil, gas oil, long residues, hydrocarbon gases, and small amounts of solids were present (∼11.98%, 24.35%, 5.70%, 13.86%, 19.07%, and 0.65%, respectively). The kinetic study was defined to determine the reaction order and the kinetic parameters of activation energy (E a ) and the pre-exponential factor (A) from an Arrhenius relationship. The order of this reaction has been determined to be second order, and the kinetic model is defined as k(s -1 ) ) 914.886 exp[-(83.439 kJ/mol)/(RT)].

Catalytic Degradation of Rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus</i>) Oil to a Biofuel Using MgO: An Optimization and Kinetic Study

“…The kinetics study for each experiment was performed in the 70 cm 3 micro-batch reactor, the assumption of the kinetic model is the following: the reaction is isothermal at the set temperature for each batch of reactants under the initial pressure of hydrogen and constant liquid volume 14) .…”

A real support effect on the hydrodeoxygenation of methyl oleate by sulfided NiMo catalysts

“…The latter has been explored to limited degree [11,12], while the former appears to be the preferred option in practice. For instance, the UOP/ENI Ecofining process involves hydrotreating followed by isomerization [13].…”

“…Many types of catalysts have been explored for direct hydrotreating of triglycerides, and they are usually comprised of conventional hydrotreating catalysts or zeolites used in petroleum refining. Zeolites in combination with metal sulfide or noble metal hydrogenation functions facilitate hydrocracking, which is preferred when a boiling point shift to gasoline-range hydrocarbons is targeted [11]. Hydroprocessing of triglycerides with NiMo sulfide catalysts yields green diesel [15,16].…”

Production of Bio-Hydrogenated Diesel by Hydrotreatment of High-Acid-Value Waste Cooking Oil over Ruthenium Catalyst Supported on Al-Polyoxocation-Pillared Montmorillonite

“…It is presumed that 100-140 kt waste cooking oil from the household sector is discarded every year in Japan [5]. Recently the production of bio-diesel from waste cooking oil has been studied worldwide [6][7][8][9].…”

“…Solid acid catalysts (such as H-ZSM-5, SO 4 /ZrO 2 , etc.) can convert vegetable oil to a mixture of gasoline, kerosene, light gas oil, gas oil, and long chain residues by the hydrotreatment process [9,15]. Industrial FCC catalysts can convert vegetable oil to gasoline distilled hydrocarbons in the FCC unit under the FCC conditions [16].…”