2018
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/164/1/012007
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Kinetic study on oil palm biomass conversion to levulinic acid via indium trichloride-ionic liquids

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Cited by 5 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…Moreover, these ILs are stable through its reusability and form a biphasic layer with the organic layer, which could ease the organic product extraction [219]. Among them, [HSO 4 ] − anion based ILs have been highly studied for various esterification reactions [206,220,221]. For instance, in recent works, Tiong et al [105,222] demonstrated the advantages of using [HSO 4 ] − anion based ILs, indium trichloride-1-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (InCl 3 -[HMIM] [HSO 4 ]), in the absence of an acidic [-SO 3 H] functionalized group, as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the production of levulinic acid and ethyl levulinate biofuel.…”
Section: Prospects and Challengesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, these ILs are stable through its reusability and form a biphasic layer with the organic layer, which could ease the organic product extraction [219]. Among them, [HSO 4 ] − anion based ILs have been highly studied for various esterification reactions [206,220,221]. For instance, in recent works, Tiong et al [105,222] demonstrated the advantages of using [HSO 4 ] − anion based ILs, indium trichloride-1-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (InCl 3 -[HMIM] [HSO 4 ]), in the absence of an acidic [-SO 3 H] functionalized group, as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the production of levulinic acid and ethyl levulinate biofuel.…”
Section: Prospects and Challengesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The experimental planning and analysis was performed using the Protimiza Experimental Design program. 35 Based on previous experiments and the literature, 1,9,36 the influence of temperature and reaction time was evaluated using a design composite central rotational (DCCR) with factorial design, 22 including 4 assays in axial conditions and 3 center point repetitions, totaling 11 trials (Table 1). After the screening, a central composite design was developed to determine the response surface and the optimal point for the FF and HMF selectivity.…”
Section: Experimental Planningmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…17,[19][20][21] Even though IL production is expensive, the fact that they can be reused decreases the effective cost of processing. 22,23 In this context, the fruit of the pequi tree (Caryocar brasiliensis Camb. ), popularly known as pequi, is an endemic and multiuse fruit of the Brazilian Cerrado biome, available over 2 million km 2 across the country, 24 has many uses, being applied in various areas of the industry.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For processes where biomass is used as a feedstock, its selection is an important issue in the global process economy. Lignocellulosic material [22], oil palm mesocarp fiber [23], and waste fractions from the papermaking process [24] are just a few examples reported in the literature.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%