Kinetics and Mechanism in the Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride and Intermediates

Herrmann, Uwe; Emig, G.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4125(199803)21:3<285::aid-ceat285>3.0.co;2-h

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It was observed that the adsorption of γ-butyrolactone will be inhibited if the succinic anhydride concentration raises above a threshold value. This threshold value is higher for copper-zinc catalysts than for the zinc-free copper catalyst, for which the threshold value is lower than the detection sensitivity of the gas chromatograph (Herrmann and Emig, 1998),…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Liquid Phase Hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride to 1,4-Butanediol in a Packed Bubble Column Reactor

Herrmann

Emig

1998

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The liquid phase hydrogenation of maleic anhydride was investigated in a packed bubble column reactor using different copper-based catalysts. A copper-zinc catalyst was found to be active in the formation of 1,4-butanediol, whereas on zinc-free copper catalysts, mainly succinic anhydride and γ-butyrolactone were formed. At suitable reaction conditions, maleic anhydride hydrogenation over a copper-zinc catalyst gave valuable products with high yield and selectivity whereas succinic anhydride was absent in the reactor outlet. Based on a three-phase reactor model and a kinetic model of the reaction mechanism, the influence of reaction conditions on reactor performance was determined. It was observed that the use of large particles and a high axial dispersion of liquid phase is a necessary condition for the feasibility of a "one-step-hydrogenation" of highly concentrated maleic anhydride feed solutions because of a significant decrease of succinic anhydride formation rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Liquid Phase Hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride to 1,4-Butanediol in a Packed Bubble Column Reactor

Herrmann

Emig

1998

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Alternatives to Reppe’s process have been proposed. − Lately, a butane-based process was developed via maleic anhydride esterification. A more process-attractive route would be the direct hydrogenation of maleic anhydride, using noble metals, copper chromites, and Cu–ZnO catalysts. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assess THF’s suitability, both solvents were compared in the GBL hydrogenation using a Cu–ZnO catalyst; the latter has been claimed to be active and selective for this reaction. − In the course of such study, we found surprising results: the negative effect of a stabilizing additive (2,6-di- tert -butyl-4-methylphenol) present in the commercial THF. Studying this phenomenon therefore became the scope of the present work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Additive-Induced Deactivation of the Cu–ZnO(Al₂O₃)-Catalyzed γ-Butyrolactone Hydrogenolysis: A Rare Deactivation Process

Solsona

Rosa

Luca

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This work reports initial results on the effect of low concentrations (ppm level) of a stabilizing agent (2,6-di- tert -butyl-4-methylphenol, BHT) present in an off-the-shelf solvent on the catalyst performance for the hydrogenolysis of γ-butyrolactone over Cu–ZnO-based catalysts. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was employed as an alternative solvent in the hydrogenolysis of γ-butyrolactone. It was found that the Cu–ZnO catalyst performance using a reference solvent (1,4-dioxane) was good, meaning that the equilibrium conversion was achieved in 240 min, while a zero conversion was found when employing tetrahydrofuran. The deactivation was studied in more detail, arriving at the preliminary conclusion that one phenomenon seems to play a role: the poisoning effect of a solvent additive present at the ppm level (BHT) that appears to inhibit the reaction completely over a Cu–ZnO catalyst. The BHT effect was also visible over a commercial Cu–ZnO–MgO–Al 2 O 3 catalyst but less severe than that over the Cu–ZnO catalyst. Hence, the commercial catalyst is more tolerant to the solvent additive, probably due to the higher surface area. The study illustrates the importance of solvent choice and purification for applications such as three-phase-catalyzed reactions to achieve optimal performance.

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“…The essence of these studies went out to catalyst screening and optimisation, reaction kinetics and modelling (Kanetaka et al, 1970;Herrmann and Emig, 1997;Küksal et al, 2002). Only few studies were aimed to elucidate the reaction mechanism (Herrmann and Emig, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time in situ ATR-FTIR analysis of the liquid phase hydrogenation of γ-butyrolactone over Cu-ZnO catalysts: A mechanistic study by varying lactone ring size

Hamminga

Mul

Moulijn

2004

Chemical Engineering Science

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Kinetics and Mechanism in the Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride and Intermediates

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

Liquid Phase Hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride to 1,4-Butanediol in a Packed Bubble Column Reactor

Liquid Phase Hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride to 1,4-Butanediol in a Packed Bubble Column Reactor

Solvent Additive-Induced Deactivation of the Cu–ZnO(Al₂O₃)-Catalyzed γ-Butyrolactone Hydrogenolysis: A Rare Deactivation Process

Real-time in situ ATR-FTIR analysis of the liquid phase hydrogenation of γ-butyrolactone over Cu-ZnO catalysts: A mechanistic study by varying lactone ring size

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Kinetics and Mechanism in the Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride and Intermediates

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

Liquid Phase Hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride to 1,4-Butanediol in a Packed Bubble Column Reactor

Liquid Phase Hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride to 1,4-Butanediol in a Packed Bubble Column Reactor

Solvent Additive-Induced Deactivation of the Cu–ZnO(Al2O3)-Catalyzed γ-Butyrolactone Hydrogenolysis: A Rare Deactivation Process

Real-time in situ ATR-FTIR analysis of the liquid phase hydrogenation of γ-butyrolactone over Cu-ZnO catalysts: A mechanistic study by varying lactone ring size

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Solvent Additive-Induced Deactivation of the Cu–ZnO(Al₂O₃)-Catalyzed γ-Butyrolactone Hydrogenolysis: A Rare Deactivation Process