Kinetics and mechanism of selective hydroxylation of benzene catalysed by vanadium substituted heteropolymolybdates

Direct Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol Catalyzed by Vanadium Substituted Heteropolymolybdic Acid

“…After that, along with the increasing of reaction time, the yield of phenol remains nearly constant. This indicates that the optimized reaction conditions are more favorable than the reported ones [13,33], because much longer reaction times were employed while less phenol yield were obtained.…”

Direct synthesis of phenol from benzene catalyzed by multi-V-POMs complex

“…A lot of efforts have been made to develop new techniques to solve these drawbacks, direct synthesis of phenol from benzene is preferred. With regard to the low phenol yields and low selectivities to phenol (due to the fact that benzene is hard to be oxidized and phenol is easily suffered from over oxidation) [3], a series of well performed catalysts for hydroxylation of benzene have been designed and synthesized [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

“…Their catalytic activities can be finely manipulated because various early transition metals can be introduced into their structures at molecular levels [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Different early transition metals substituted POMs showed different activities in the synthesis of phenol from benzene [17].…”

“…Different early transition metals substituted POMs showed different activities in the synthesis of phenol from benzene [17]. Among them, vanadiumsubstituted POMs (for example, PMoV) showed good performance in the hydroxylation of benzene to phenol and aroused many studies [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Multi vanadium have been introduced into POMs in order to improve their catalytic activities, but the yields of phenol achieved by the three catalysts were decreased as follows: H 4 There is a strategy to increase the vanadium content simultaneously avoiding vanadium accumulation in POMs anions: using vanadium-containing cations instead of their usual counter ions (H + , Na + , K + ).…”

Transition metal substituted polyoxometalates and their application in the direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol with hydrogen peroxide

“…This catalyst exhibits high activity, resulting in phenol selectivity that is over 90% and phenol yield that is over 17% [20]. The recovery and reuse of the catalyst are important problems in homogeneous systems [21][22][23][24]. In our previous work, [(CH 3 ) 4 N] 4 PMo 11 VO 40 was used as a new solid catalyst to hydroxylate benzene to phenol in the presence of H 2 O 2 .…”