Kinetics and Mechanisms of Gas Hydrate Formation and Dissociation with Inhibitors

Makogon, Yuri F.; Makogon, Taras Y.; Holditch, Stephen A.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06833.x

Cited by 40 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…For oil field operators, the existence of multiple melting peaks means the elevated stability with chemical inhibitors which renders their use more challenging. Observations in experiments in stirred vessels were consistent with the calorimetric observations showing a two-stage decomposition for hydrate prepared in the presence of chemical inhibitors (Daraboina et al, 2011b;Ohno et al, 2010) and 5 C higher melting temperature compared to hydrate prepared in pure water (Makogon et al, 2000). It should be noted that the experiments reported in (Daraboina et al, 2011b) and (Daraboina et al, 2011a) were done with a methane/ethane/propane mixture and those in (Makogon et al, 2000) with a natural gas mixture.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Observations in experiments in stirred vessels were consistent with the calorimetric observations showing a two-stage decomposition for hydrate prepared in the presence of chemical inhibitors (Daraboina et al, 2011b;Ohno et al, 2010) and 5 C higher melting temperature compared to hydrate prepared in pure water (Makogon et al, 2000). It should be noted that the experiments reported in (Daraboina et al, 2011b) and (Daraboina et al, 2011a) were done with a methane/ethane/propane mixture and those in (Makogon et al, 2000) with a natural gas mixture. There was no explanation about the higher melting temperature in (Daraboina et al, 2011a) whereas the results reported in (Daraboina et al, 2011b;Makogon et al, 2000) were interpreted in terms of compositional and structural changes (Daraboina et al, 2011c;Ohno et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…It should be noted that the experiments reported in (Daraboina et al, 2011b) and (Daraboina et al, 2011a) were done with a methane/ethane/propane mixture and those in (Makogon et al, 2000) with a natural gas mixture. There was no explanation about the higher melting temperature in (Daraboina et al, 2011a) whereas the results reported in (Daraboina et al, 2011b;Makogon et al, 2000) were interpreted in terms of compositional and structural changes (Daraboina et al, 2011c;Ohno et al, 2012). More specifically, structure II hydrates dominated, as expected, but in the presence of the chemical inhibitors, structure I was also present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recalcitrance of gas hydrate crystals formed in the presence of kinetic hydrate inhibitors

Sharifi

Ripmeester

Englezos

2016

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recalcitrance of gas hydrate crystals formed in the presence of kinetic hydrate inhibitors

Sharifi

Ripmeester

Englezos

2016

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering

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“…At high pressures and low temperatures, as is the case with oil production and deep-sea transportation, hydrates constantly occur when water hydrogen bonds with the hydrocarbons in gas and oil products. In sufficient quantities these hydrates can completely block pipelines by agglomerating to create very stable, ice-like plugs, leading to disruptive and costly production stoppages [14]. Dendritic polymers can act as antiagglomerants or "surfactants" by preventing large hydrates from forming and keeping small crystals suspended in the production flow [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Molecule Dendrimer-Hydrocarbon Interaction

Pasupathy¹,

Suek²,

Lyons³

et al. 2009

TONANOJ

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Abstract:We report our single-molecule fluorescence microscopy and molecular dynamics simulation studies on the interaction of poly(amidoamine) dendrimer and squalane hydrocarbon in aqueous solution. Our spectrophotometry measurements indicate that this interaction increases with the pH of the solvent. Our simulations show that squalane resides primarily on the perimeter of the dendrimer at low to neutral pH, but becomes encapsulated by the dendrimer at high pH. Using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, we have identified that the binding between PAMAM and squalane is reversible. At a pH value of 8, the approaching, binding, and characteristic times of a single fluorescently-labeled dendrimer to squalane are 0.5 s, 7.5 s, and 0.5 s, respectively. Both our spectrophotometry measurements and simulations show that the interaction between PAMAM and squalane is stronger for lower generation dendrimers. This study facilitates our understanding of using dendritic and hyperbranched polymers for gas hydrate prevention in the petroleum industry.

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“…Therefore, the time required for hydrate formation initiation (induction time) and the rate of growth of hydrate crystals are two time dependent fundamental factors which should be considered in hydrate kinetic studies (Englezos, 1993). Nucleation and growth may be affected by many factors, such as subcooling, pressure, temperature, previous history of water, composition, and state of the gas hydrate forming system (Makogon et al, 2000). All these factors limit the experimental research activities of hydrate formation kinetics.…”

Section: Hydrate Formation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of the formation of CO2 hydrates in the presence of sodium halides and hydrophobic fumed silica nanoparticles

Farhang¹

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CO 2 capture by trapping the greenhouse gas in clathrates hydrates is proving to be one of the promising options for long term carbon storage. This technology is desirable as it can be deposited in the deep ocean where the suitable pressure and temperature is ready without any extra cost. To date, this method has mostly been of academic interest because the formation of gas hydrates is very slow and requires lots of energy and resources. It is important therefore to develop an efficient and economical process to be able to apply this method at an industrial scale. Scientists and researchers have been looking for suitable additives to accelerate the formation of CO 2 hydrate. To meet these objectives numerous additives have previously been tested and several were found to be suitable hydrate promoters. The mechanism for the formation of gas hydrates in the presence of additives is not clear yet. Understanding this mechanism would help us to select and synthesise the most suitable and cost effective additive.In this thesis, two groups of chemicals i.e. salt and hydrophobic particles were added to the hydrate formation reactor and examined. Initially sodium halides were tested for their effect on the kinetics of the formation of CO 2 hydrates in an isochoric system. The effect of different anion types and concentrations was investigated by directly measuring pressure and temperature changes in the reactor and evaluating maximum CO 2 uptake, conversion, storage capacity, induction time, and hydrate growth rate. The results indicated that sodium halides at a concentration of 50 mM (mmol/L) increase CO 2 consumption and conversion to hydrates. In addition, sodium iodide and sodium bromide in a range of concentrations between 50 and 250 mM significantly increased the hydrate formation kinetics. Measurements of the surface potential of CO 2 hydrates formed in the presence of sodium halides showed negative charge on hydrates with the highest zeta potential observed at the concentration of 50 mM. The findings of this part of the research led us to propose a mechanism for the formation of CO 2 hydrates in the presence of sodium halides.The second group of additives extensively investigated in the current research were hydrophobic nano-particles. Two types of hydrophobic fumed silica were studied.iii They produced two types of particle stabilised systems when mixed with water (i.e. silica foam and dry water). The influence of particle hydrophobicity and concentration on hydrate formation kinetics was established by monitoring gas consumption, CO 2 conversion and induction time. The morphology, microstructure, and pore characteristics were elucidated by cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), and the elemental distribution and composition were determined by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicated that the promoting effect of hydrophobic fumed silica was dependent on the particle hydrophobicity and on the weight ratio of silica to water. The kinetics of CO 2 hydrate formation were ...

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Kinetics and Mechanisms of Gas Hydrate Formation and Dissociation with Inhibitors

Cited by 40 publications

References 3 publications

Recalcitrance of gas hydrate crystals formed in the presence of kinetic hydrate inhibitors

Recalcitrance of gas hydrate crystals formed in the presence of kinetic hydrate inhibitors

Single-Molecule Dendrimer-Hydrocarbon Interaction

Kinetics of the formation of CO2 hydrates in the presence of sodium halides and hydrophobic fumed silica nanoparticles

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