Kinetics and reactor design aspects of the synthesis of ionic liquids—Experimental and theoretical studies for ethylmethylimidazole ethylsulfate

Böwing, A. Große; Jess, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2006.03.038

Cited by 47 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…But even in reactors with 6 mm inner diameter, pronounced axial temperature profiles were observed and cooling temperatures of 40 • C or higher lead to thermal runaway [3]. When working at low temperatures, long residence times of several hours or even days are necessary to achieve high conversions [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic liquid synthesis in a microstructured reactor for process intensification

Renken

Hessel

Löb

et al. 2007

Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

101

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Ionic liquids (IL) are the focus of growing interest over the last few years due to their low vapour pressure being beneficial for replacing common organic solvents with high vapour pressure. IL synthesised via alkylation are produced in batch or semi-batch stirred tank reactors. The reaction is highly exothermic and the kinetics was shown to be fast. The heat management during the reactor operation is a crucial point leading to high quality IL product and avoiding thermal runaway. This study reports the use of a microstructured reactor (MSR) system for the production of ethylmethylimidazole ethylsulfate by a solvent-free alkylation reaction. A combination of MSR and two tubular capillary reactors operating at two different cooling temperatures has been proposed. The save and stable operation of this reactor system is proven experimentally rendering the IL of high quality. The specific reactor performance was about 4 kg m −3 s −1 being ca. 3 orders of magnitude higher as compared to more traditional reactors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic liquid synthesis in a microstructured reactor for process intensification

Renken

Hessel

Löb

et al. 2007

Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

101

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“…But the process is a batch process. Several studies on solvent free continuous synthesis of ILs in miniaturized or microreactors have been reported [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Microreactors are extremely useful for continuous, solvent free and high temperature synthesis of ILs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On continuous, solvent-free synthesis of ionic liquid [BMIM]Br in a microbore tube

Sen

Singh

Mukhopadhyay

et al. 2015

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Synthesis of an imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, a precursor to hydrophobic ILs having potential applications in nuclear fuel cycle, is carried out in a microbore tube in solvent-free and continuous mode. Product yield increased monotonically with increasing reaction temperature and residence time. Space-time-yield (STY) and production rate decreased with increase in residence time and increased with increase in reaction temperature. Maximum values of STY and production rate achieved are 131.5 g/min l and 278 g/day, respectively. Experimental data suggest that the reaction, when carried out in a microbore tube, is kinetically controlled. Flow patterns inside the microbore tube, observed using a high speed imaging system, also suggest the same.

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“…The highly exothermic stage (R1) [3,4] can be realized by either continuous or periodic methods. In the continuous method, the reactants are mixed in a microreactor and then the reaction proceeds in a flow mode . At the beginning, the rate of the process is rather high; however, it may take a few days to achieve the degree of conversion of more than 99%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The kinetics of the synthesis of other 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ILs has been considered in a number of studies . The kinetics of formation of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ethylsulfate [C 2 mim]EtSO 4 was studied in [8] and [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of the Synthesis of 1‐Alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Ionic Liquids in Dilute and Concentrated Solutions

Firaha

Paulechka

2013

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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The kinetics of the reactions of 1‐methylimidazole with iodoethane, 1‐iodobutane, 1‐bromobutane, 1‐bromohexane, 1‐bromooctane resulting in the formation of corresponding 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium halide ionic liquids in acetonitrile and cyclopentanone solutions has been studied in a wide range of concentrations and degrees of conversion. The studied reactions were found to follow the SN2 rate law in the dilute solutions. The significant deviations from the simple SN2 rate law observed at higher concentrations of the reactants were assigned to the concentration dependence of activity coefficients for the reactants and the transition states. The experimental data were processed with the conductor‐like screening model–segment activity coefficient (COSMO‐SAC) model and the Scatchard–Hildebrand equation. The latter was found to provide somewhat better description of the experimental results; however, the former has a wider predictive ability. The Arrhenius activation energies and the activation enthalpies were calculated for the investigated systems. The rate constants at infinite dilution were obtained for a large number of 1‐haloalkane + 1‐methylimidazole + solvent systems with the use of the COSMO‐SAC model. It was demonstrated that the rate constants of the studied reactions in various non‐hydrogen‐bonding solvents can be estimated from a correlation with the Hildebrand solubility parameter.

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Kinetics and reactor design aspects of the synthesis of ionic liquids—Experimental and theoretical studies for ethylmethylimidazole ethylsulfate

Cited by 47 publications

References 16 publications

Ionic liquid synthesis in a microstructured reactor for process intensification

Ionic liquid synthesis in a microstructured reactor for process intensification

On continuous, solvent-free synthesis of ionic liquid [BMIM]Br in a microbore tube

Kinetics of the Synthesis of 1‐Alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Ionic Liquids in Dilute and Concentrated Solutions

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