Large-scale solar-driven water splitting is a way to
store energy,
but it requires the development of practical and durable oxygen evolution
reaction (OER) catalysts. The present paper aims to investigate the
mechanism of the OER, local pH, high-valent metal ions, limitations,
conversions, and details during the OER in the presence of FeNi foam
using in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. This research also
explores the use of in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for
detecting species on foam surfaces during the OER. The acidic media
around the electrode not only limit the process but also affect the
phosphate ion protonation and overall catalysis effectiveness. The
study proposes that FeNi hydroxides serve as true catalysts for OER
under neutral conditions, rather than FeNi phosphates. However, phosphate
species remain crucial for proton transfer and water molecule adsorption.
Changes observed in pH at the open-circuit potential suggest new insights
concerning the coordination of Ni(II) to phosphate ions under certain
conditions. By extrapolating the Tafel plot, the overpotential for
the onset of OER was determined to be 470 mV. Furthermore, the overpotentials
for current densities of 1 and 5 mA/cm2 were 590 and 790
mV, respectively. These findings offer valuable insights into the
advancement of the OER catalysts and our understanding of the underlying
mechanism for efficient water splitting; both are crucial elements
for the purpose of energy storage.