Kinetics of alfalfa nitrogen and cell wall disappearance from ruminally-incubated dacron bags

Farquhar, Andrew S.

doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-8685

Cited by 2 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Formaldehyde treatment markedly reduced N degradation in the silage. Quantity and digestibility of bacterial amino acids entering the small intestine was similar between diets, however, the quantity of dietary amino acids reaching the small intestine was significantiy higher in sheep fed diets containing the treated silages.Similarly, a reduction in the rate of ruminal N degradation for alfalfa subjected to a sodium hyroxide treatment was reported by Farquhar (1985). …”

supporting

confidence: 65%

“…In addition to the technique used for fractionation of feed proteins, many other factors have been shown to impact ruminal protein degradation (Farquhar, 1985;Waghom et al, 1987;Weakley et al, 1989;Umunna et al, 1995 Farquhar (1985) reported that variation caused by animals was very little with steers fed hay, but differences in the rate of protein degradation were significant among steers fed a high grain diet. It is very likely that this difference was caused by differences in ruminal pH (5.75 vs. 6.35).…”

Section: Factors Affecting the N Degradation In Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…reported that heating legume forages increased microbial N flow to the duodenum from 11 to 15 g/kg OMD. Forage heating significantly decreased the rate of N disappearance from Dacron bags incubated in the rumen of steers (Farquhar, 1985. Makkar et al (1995) indicated that efficiency of microbial protein 33 synthesis was greater in forages containing saponin and tannins, which reduce ruminal N degradability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Forage heating significantly decreased the rate of N disappearance from Dacron bags incubated in the rumen of steers (Farquhar, 1985. Makkar et al (1995) indicated that efficiency of microbial protein 33 synthesis was greater in forages containing saponin and tannins, which reduce ruminal N degradability.The readily degradable fraction of protein is higher in forages than in grains.Approximately 40% of protein in fresh alfalfa is soluble in the rumen environment (Farquhar, 1985). The solubility of the protein in com grain was lower than in alfalfa (Muhalley et al, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Grains usually have greater escape protein as percent of total crude protein (CP) compared to forages . Concentrations of nitrogen (Brown and Pitman, 1991) and degradability of N in the rumen (Umunna et al, 1995; Muhalley et al, 1992) significandy differ between legumes and grasses even within legume and grass species (Brown and Pitman, 1991 Farquhar, 1985;Yang et al, 1993;.In general, the goal of feed treatments is to make nitrogen less accessible to microbial degradation, but leave it digestible by host animal's proteases in the abomasura and sraall intestine. Even though this goal was accoraplished by many treatments with varying success, most of the treatments increased the indigestible-N concentration of feedstuff.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ruminal microbial protein synthesis in sheep fed forages of varying nutritive value

Karsli

Russell

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This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer.The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note wiU indicate the deletion.Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book.Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI IntroductionIt has been reported that approximately 37 million metric tons of forage protein were consumed by animals to produce an estimated 5.4 million tons of animal protein for human consumption every year in the United States (Pimental et al., 1980). Among animals, ruminants are the predominant forage utilizers (Wedin et al., 1975). Forages provide 83% of the protein requirements of beef cattle and 90% of the protein requirements of sheep (Griffith, 1978).Forage protein serves as a source of metabolizable protein to the ruminant by providing both ruminally degradable protein for microbial growth, and some ruminally undegradable protein for intestinal digestion . Because of rapid and extensive degradauon of forages in the rumen (Brown and Pitman, 1991), escape protein concentrations of forages are usually low . One approach to increase the amount of protein which reaches the small intestine is to improve efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in animals fed forages.Efficiency of microbial growth is dependent on amounts and types of nitrogen and carbohydrate sources of the diet , the feed intake by the animals , as well as the concentrations of trace minerals and vitamins in the diet . Concentrations of nitrogen, fiber fractions and readily fermentable carbohydrates significantly differ between legume and grass species and even within legume 2 and grass species (Brown and Pitman, 1991). Although ruminal nitrogen degradation is extensive, low absolute quantities of ruminally soluble and degradable nitrogen may limit microbial growth in ruminants fed grass diets (Brown and Pitman, 1991). A lack of readily fermentable carbohydrate sources in forage is another limitation for optimal microbial gr...

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confidence: 65%