Kinetics of Blood‐brain Barrier Transport of Pyruvate, Lactate and Glucose in Suckling, Weanling and Adult Rats

Cremer, Jill E.; Cunningham, Vincent J.; Pardridge, William M.; Braun, Leon D.; Oldendorf, William H.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1979.tb05173.x

Cited by 270 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…There appears to be a facilitated transport system for lactate in adult rats (Oldendorf, 1973;Cremer et al, 1976Cremer et al, , 1979 but this has been less reproducibly demonstrated in adult dogs (Crone and Sorensen, 1970;Nemoto et al, 1974). Studies have suggested that the fetus or newborn rodent may actually have an increased capacity for lactate transport across the blood-brain barrier (Cremer et aI., 1976) in some neonatal species but we could not find evi dence for such a capacity in the fetal sheep (unpub lished observations) using venous outflow indicator dilution methodology.…”

Section: Controlcontrasting

confidence: 54%

The Effect of Combined Hypoxemia and Cephalic Hypotension on Fetal Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism

Hohimer

Chao

Bissonnette

1991

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Summary:The effect of hypoxemia and cephalic hy potension, alone and in combination, on hemispherical CBF and metabolism was examined in seven chronically catheterized fetal sheep. Hypoxemia was induced by low ering the maternal inspired oxygen fraction and cephalic hypotension was generated by partial occlusion of the fetal brachiocephalic artery. CBF was measured with ra dionuclide-labeled microspheres. During control, the ar terial blood oxygen content (Cao2) was 3.2 ± 1.0 (SO) mM and CBF averaged 131 ± 21 (SO) ml min -I 100 g -I.The cephalic perfusion pressure (PP, mean cephalic arte rial -sagittal venous) was 40 ± 4 mm Hg and cerebral vascular resistance (CVR, PP/CBF) was 0.31 ± 0.06 mm Hg ml-I min 100 g. During induced hypoxemia, Cao2 was 1.4 ± 0.7 mM and CBF was elevated to 223 ± 60 ml min -I 100 g -I. PP was not different from control and CVR was lower at 0.19 ± 0.04 mm Hg ml-I min 100 g, reflecting cerebral vasodilation. With cephalic hypoten sion alone (PP = 21 ± 4 mm Hg; Ca�? = 3.4 ± 0.9 mM), CBF fell to 83 ± 23 ml min -I 100 g--I and there was no significant change in CVR (0.26 ± 0.05 mm Hg ml-I min It has long been appreciated that fetal cerebral vasodilation and the subsequent increase in blood flow is a very important protective response to hypoxemia (Jones et aI. , 1977(Jones et aI. , , 1978. However, when the fetus becomes severely hypoxemic, the arterial blood pressure may not be maintained and the brain must also endure hypotension (Wagner et aI., 1986). Concomitant hypoxemia and hypoten- Abbreviations used: Cao2, arterial blood oxygen content; Csvo2, sagittal venous blood oxygen content; CVR, cerebral vascular resistance; 00, oxygen delivery; PP, perfusion pres sure.99 100 g). During combined hypoxemia and hypotension (Cao2 = 1.5 ± 0.8 mM and PP = 18 ± 4 mm Hg), CBF was significantly greater than during hypotension alone (l00 ± 6 ml min-I 100 g). CVR was 0. 19 ± 0.05 mm Hg ml-I min 100 g, identical to that measured in normoten sive hypoxemia and significantly less than found during hypotension alone. Cerebral oxygen consumption was lower during combined hypoxemia and cephalic hypoten sion than during hypoxemia alone. Cerebral glucose up take was significantly higher than control in both the hypoxemic and combined hypoxemic-hypotensive condi tions. The glucose:oxygen quotient (6 x molar glucose uptake/molar oxygen consumption) was not different from unity during control or hypotension but was 2.31 ± 1.16 and 3.63 ± 1.99 during the hypoxemic and hypox emic-hypotensive conditions, respectively, suggesting an anaerobic glucose utilization. No significant lactate efflux could be measured in any of these conditions.

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Section: Controlcontrasting

confidence: 54%

The Effect of Combined Hypoxemia and Cephalic Hypotension on Fetal Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism

Hohimer

Chao

Bissonnette

1991

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…19,20) It is thought that the induction of a lactate uptake system in the brain is to allow the use of the lactate in milk. In the deficient mice, MCT1 expression in the brain reached its highest levels at P14, the same levels as in the wild type (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation and Compensation of the mRNA Expression of Energy Related Transporters in the Brain of Glucose Transporter 1-Deficient Mice

Ohtsuki

Kikkawa

Hori

2006

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…In addition, ketone bodies formed by the hepatic oxidation of milk-derived fat are also significant energy substrates for the brain during the preweaning period in rodents (23,39). Lactate and ketone body utilization in the brain is very high during the suckling period but decreases after weaning to reach adult values (1,2,14,21,23). In parallel with this energy utility, a higher expression of MCT1 in the microvessels of the brain is observed during suckling in rodents (8,19,25) and declines with weaning, being accompanied by the predominant expression of GLUT1 in the postweaning period (39).…”

Section: Switching Of Transporters From Mct1 To Glut1 During Developimentioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemical demonstration of a monocarboxylate transporter in the mouse perineurium with special reference to GLUT1

et al. 2008

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Peripheral nerves express GLUT1 in both endoneurial blood vessels and the perineurium and utilize glucose as a major energy substrate, as does the brain. However, under conditions of a reduced utilization of glucose, the brain is dependent upon monocarboxylates such as ketone bodies and lactate, being accompanied by an elevated expression of a monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1) in the blood-brain barrier. The present immunohistochemical study aimed to examine the expression of MCT1 in the peripheral nerves of mice. MCT1 immunoreactivity was found in the perineurial sheath and colocalized with GLUT1, while the endoneurial blood vessels expressed GLUT1 only. An intense expression of MCT1 in the perineurium was confirmed by Western blot and in situ hybridization analyses. Ultrastructurally, the MCT1 and GLUT1 immunoreactivities in the thick perineurium showed an intensity gradient decreasing towards the innermost layer. In neonates, the MCT1 immunoreactivity in the perineurium was intense, while the GLUT1 immunoreactivity was faint or absent. These findings suggest that peripheral nerves depend on monocarboxylates as a major energy source and that MCT1 in the perineurium is responsible for the supply of monocarboxylates to nerve fibers and Schwann cells.

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Kinetics of Blood‐brain Barrier Transport of Pyruvate, Lactate and Glucose in Suckling, Weanling and Adult Rats

Cited by 270 publications

References 32 publications

The Effect of Combined Hypoxemia and Cephalic Hypotension on Fetal Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism

The Effect of Combined Hypoxemia and Cephalic Hypotension on Fetal Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism

Modulation and Compensation of the mRNA Expression of Energy Related Transporters in the Brain of Glucose Transporter 1-Deficient Mice

Histochemical demonstration of a monocarboxylate transporter in the mouse perineurium with special reference to GLUT1

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