Kinetics of cell growth and crystalline nanocellulose production by Komagataeibacter xylinus

Reiniati, Isabela; Hrymak, Andrew N.; Margaritis, Argyrios

doi:10.1016/j.bej.2017.07.007

“…(Wu, Gai & Ji, 2004; Zhang, Zhang & Xin, 2011) have also been found in kombucha cultures. For aerobic species that produce BC, such as Komagataeibacter xylinus , agitated bioreactors increase cell growth and cellulose yield by improving the oxygen transfer rate (Reiniati, Hrymak & Margaritis, 2017); however, rather than forming a surface pellicle, agitation produces spherical or asterisk-like particles of cellulose in the culture media (Bi et al, 2014; Singhsa, Narain & Manuspiya, 2018). The optimal dissolved oxygen concentration for BC yield for a strain of this bacteria was reported to be 10% in fed-batch cultures (Hwang et al, 1999), as greater oxygen concentrations result in a shift toward gluconic acid production and reduced cell viability, while lower concentrations reduce cell growth (Lee et al, 2014).…”

Section: The Bacteria-produced Biofilm Might Provide Protection From mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kombucha: a novel model system for cooperation and conflict in a complex multi-species microbial ecosystem

May

¹

,

Narayanan

²

,

Alcock

³

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Kombucha, a fermented tea beverage with an acidic and effervescent taste, is composed of a multispecies microbial ecosystem with complex interactions that are characterized by both cooperation and conflict. In kombucha, a complex community of bacteria and yeast initiates the fermentation of a starter tea (usually black or green tea with sugar), producing a biofilm that covers the liquid over several weeks. This happens through several fermentative phases that are characterized by cooperation and competition among the microbes within the kombucha solution. Yeast produce invertase as a public good that enables both yeast and bacteria to metabolize sugars. Bacteria produce a surface biofilm which may act as a public good providing protection from invaders, storage for resources, and greater access to oxygen for microbes embedded within it. The ethanol and acid produced during the fermentative process (by yeast and bacteria, respectively) may also help to protect the system from invasion by microbial competitors from the environment. Thus, kombucha can serve as a model system for addressing important questions about the evolution of cooperation and conflict in diverse multispecies systems. Further, it has the potential to be artificially selected to specialize it for particular human uses, including the development of antimicrobial ecosystems and novel materials. Finally, kombucha is easily-propagated, non-toxic, and inexpensive, making it an excellent system for scientific inquiry and citizen science.

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“…(Wu, Gai & Ji, 2004;Zhang, Zhang & Xin, 2011) have also been found in kombucha cultures. For aerobic species that produce BC, such as K. xylinus, agitated bioreactors increase cell growth and cellulose yield by improving the oxygen transfer rate (Reiniati, Hrymak & Margaritis, 2017); however, rather than forming a surface pellicle, agitation produces spherical or asterisk-like particles of cellulose in the culture media (Bi et al, 2014;Singhsa, Narain & Manuspiya, 2018). The optimal dissolved oxygen concentration for BC yield for a strain of this bacteria was reported to be 10% in fed-batch cultures (Hwang et al, 1999), as greater oxygen concentrations result in a shift towards gluconic acid production and reduced cell viability, while lower concentrations reduce cell growth (Lee et al, 2014).…”

Section: The Bacteria-produced Biofilm Might Provide Protection From mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "Kombucha: a novel model system for cooperation and conflict in a complex multi-species microbial ecosystem (v0.2)"

2019

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kombucha, a fermented tea beverage with an acidic and effervescent taste, is composed of a multispecies microbial ecosystem with complex interactions that are characterized by both cooperation and conflict. In kombucha, a complex community of bacteria and yeast initiates the fermentation of a starter tea (usually black or green tea with sugar), producing a biofilm that covers the liquid over several weeks. This happens through several fermentative phases that are characterized by cooperation and competition among the microbes within the kombucha solution. Yeast produce invertase as a public good that enables both yeast and bacteria to metabolize sugars. Bacteria produce a surface biofilm which may act as a public good providing protection from invaders, storage for resources, and greater access to oxygen for microbes embedded within it. The ethanol and acid produced during the fermentative process (by yeast and bacteria, respectively) may also help to protect the system from invasion by microbial competitors from the environment. Thus, kombucha can serve as a model system for addressing important questions about the evolution of cooperation and conflict in diverse multispecies systems. Further, it has the potential to be artificially selected to specialize it for particular human uses, including the development of antimicrobial ecosystems and novel materials. Finally, kombucha is easily-propagated, non-toxic, and inexpensive, making it an excellent system for scientific inquiry and citizen science.

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“…However, drug-resistant pathogens have forced researchers to explore novel antibacterial agents (Almeida et al, 2014 ; Ge et al, 2014 ). BC has several advantages over plant-derived cellulose, including high purity (Reiniati et al, 2017 ), high crystallinity, high elasticity (Wang et al, 2016 ), thermal stability, high degree of polymerization (Lin et al, 2013 ), excellent permeability, high porosity, water content, and high mechanical strength (Moniri et al, 2017 ). In spite of the several advantages, the significant drawback of the BC is that it lacks antibacterial property (Sulaeva et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeation of Silver Sulfadiazine Into TEMPO-Oxidized Bacterial Cellulose as an Antibacterial Agent

Khattak

¹

,

Qin

²

,

Wahid

³

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Surface oxidation of bacterial cellulose (BC) was done with the TEMPO-mediated oxidation mechanism system. After that, TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) was impregnated with silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) to prepare nanocomposite membranes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was carried out to determine the existence of aldehyde groups on BC nanofibers and X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated the degree of crystallinity. FESEM analysis revealed the impregnation of AgSD nanoparticles at TOBC nanocomposites with the average diameter size ranging from 11 nm to 17.5 nm. The sample OBCS3 showed higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli by the disc diffusion method. The results showed AgSD content, dependent antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria, and degree of crystallinity increases with TOBC and AgSD. The main advantage of the applications of TEMPO-mediated oxidation to BC nanofibers is that the crystallinity of BC nanofibers is unchanged and increased after the oxidation. Also enhanced the reactivity of BC as it is one of the most promising method for cellulose fabrication and functionalization. We believe that the novel composite membrane could be a potential candidate for biomedical applications like wound dressing, BC scaffold, and tissue engineering.

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Kinetics of cell growth and crystalline nanocellulose production by Komagataeibacter xylinus

Cited by 43 publications

References 52 publications

Kombucha: a novel model system for cooperation and conflict in a complex multi-species microbial ecosystem

Kombucha: a novel model system for cooperation and conflict in a complex multi-species microbial ecosystem

Peer Review #2 of "Kombucha: a novel model system for cooperation and conflict in a complex multi-species microbial ecosystem (v0.2)"

Permeation of Silver Sulfadiazine Into TEMPO-Oxidized Bacterial Cellulose as an Antibacterial Agent

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