“…Besides, the penetration and migration of bacteria in meat systems can be also influenced by other factors (e.g., storage temperatures, the direction of muscle fibers, and human processing like mechanical curing) (Bosse, Thiermann, Gibis, Schmidt, & Weiss, 2017; Shimamura et al., 2020; Tozzo et al., 2018). In comparison with the detection of bacteria in different meat depth, recent studies tended to adopt model systems (e.g., using colloidal particles to simulate bacteria), mathematical simulation, and novel imaging technologies (e.g., confocal scanning laser microscopy) to analyze the bacterial migration process in meat (Bosse et al., 2015, , 2017; Shirai, Datta, & Oshita, 2017). However, microbial adhesion and penetration in fish flesh could be different from meat of terrestrial animals due to the special characteristics of fish flesh (softer texture, higher content of moisture, and lower content of fat, connective tissue, and carbohydrates when compared with the meat of mammal origin) (Fan, Luo, Yin, Bao, & Feng, 2014; Petricorena, 2015).…”