Kinetics of nitrate and perchlorate reduction in ion-exchange brine using the membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR)

Application of a Re–Pd bimetallic catalyst for treatment of perchlorate in waste ion-exchange regenerant brine

“…Recent efforts have examined the potential of applying biological and chemical reduction processes for converting ClO 4 À to Cl À . Microbial processes for ClO 4 À reduction in brines have been reported (Logan et al, 2001;Gingras and Batista, 2002;Okeke et al, 2002;Cang et al, 2004;Hiremath et al, 2006;Chung et al, 2007;Lehman et al, 2008;Van Ginkel et al, 2008); however bioreactors usually require addition of organic amendments (e.g., acetate) as a carbon source and electron donor, and may be difficult to operate intermittently in brine systems. In addition, biological hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) generation is also difficult to prevent when sulfate (SO 4 2À ) is present (Widdel, 1988).…”

Removal of perchlorate from aqueous solution using protonated cross-linked chitosan

“…Perchlorate (ClO 4 − ) is commonly used in rocket propellant, explosives, missiles, pyrotechnics, air bags and other industries [1][2][3][4]. As an emergent environmental contaminant, perchlorate has been detected in soil, surface water as well as ground water.…”

The removal of selenate to low ppb levels from flue gas desulfurization brine using the H2-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR)

“…This has been demonstrated for the bioreduction of NO À 3 and ClO 4 À in IX brine (TDS 40-58 g/L TDS) (Chung et al, 2007;Van Ginkel et al, 2008); and NO À 3 and SeO 2À 4 in FGD brine (Van Ginkel et al, 2010a). Of particular relevance here is the study of Van Ginkel et al (2010a), who observed the simultaneous reduction of NO À 3 and SeO 2À 4 in two MBfRs treating FGD brine, as long as H 2 was not limiting.…”

“…The inoculum used in this study was a microbial consortium obtained from all five ion-exchange brine-treating MBfRs described in Van Ginkel et al (2008, 2010b and Ahn et al (2009). This consortium was repeatedly spiked with NO À 3 , SeO 2À 4 , and acetate under a H 2 headspace until the biomass concentration, measured as volatile suspended solids (VSS), reached approximately 3.0 g/L after six months.…”