Kinetics of Photoactuation in Single Wall Carbon Nanotube−Nafion Bilayer Composite

Viola, Elana A.; Levitsky, Igor A.; Euler, William B.

doi:10.1021/jp106653c

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Moreover, CNT torsion and expansion effects have been proposed as key mechanisms behind mechanical actuation, 12 , 53 and our findings are consistent with those models. Mechanical actuation mechanisms were tentatively modeled first as rigid nanotubes suffering orientational order imposed by uniaxially applied strain.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Thermo-Active Behavior of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate | Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Composites Examined by in Situ near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine-Structure Spectroscopy

et al. 2014

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NEXAFS spectroscopy was used to investigate the temperature dependence of thermally active ethylene-vinyl acetate | multiwall carbon nanotube (EVA|MWCNT) films. The data shows systematic variations of intensities with increasing temperature. Molecular orbital assignment of interplaying intensities identified the 1s → π*C=C and 1s → π*C=O transitions as the main actors during temperature variation. Furthermore, enhanced near-edge interplay was observed in prestrained composites. Because macroscopic observations confirmed enhanced thermal-mechanical actuation in prestrained composites, our findings suggest that the interplay of C=C and C=O π orbitals may be instrumental to actuation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Thermo-Active Behavior of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate | Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Composites Examined by in Situ near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine-Structure Spectroscopy

et al. 2014

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“…The theory of bending of bilayers has been developed by Timoshenko [ 5 ] for bimetal strips exposed to temperature changes. However, actuation of bilayers have also been demonstrated with materials that are responsive to other external stimuli such as relative humidity [ 6 , 7 ], pH [ 8 , 9 ], light [ 10 ], or electric fields [ 11 ]. By introducing anisotropy in the response of the single layers, even more complex movements can be generated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Inspired Wooden Actuators for Large Scale Applications

2015

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Implementing programmable actuation into materials and structures is a major topic in the field of smart materials. In particular the bilayer principle has been employed to develop actuators that respond to various kinds of stimuli. A multitude of small scale applications down to micrometer size have been developed, but up-scaling remains challenging due to either limitations in mechanical stiffness of the material or in the manufacturing processes. Here, we demonstrate the actuation of wooden bilayers in response to changes in relative humidity, making use of the high material stiffness and a good machinability to reach large scale actuation and application. Amplitude and response time of the actuation were measured and can be predicted and controlled by adapting the geometry and the constitution of the bilayers. Field tests in full weathering conditions revealed long-term stability of the actuation. The potential of the concept is shown by a first demonstrator. With the sensor and actuator intrinsically incorporated in the wooden bilayers, the daily change in relative humidity is exploited for an autonomous and solar powered movement of a tracker for solar modules.

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“…Finally, we found that the same humidity behavior was observed without the addition of the polymer, that is, SWNTs only, deposited onto a PCB and an alumina substrate. The interaction of SWNTs with humidity has been studied by others,27, 28 and some have reported similar observations. Zahab et al29 attributed the conductivity change of SWNTs upon the exposure of H 2 O to a transition from p ‐type to n ‐type behavior at higher humidity levels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freestanding chemiresistive polymer composite ribbons as high‐flux sensors

Benz

Patel

2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Chemiresistive polymer composite ribbons that function as chemical detectors were produced from solution-cast films of polymers and carbon composites. An array with multiple polymer sensor threads was exposed to dimethyl methyl phosphonate, a nerve agent simulant, and different interferents in the vapor phase. Principal component analysis was used to differentiate between the analytes. The response of the ribbon sensors as a function of the carbon composite and the host polymer source was investigated. The freestanding threads/sensors were mounted into a cell perpendicular to the gas flow to provide little pressure drop and were imbedded into fabrics to provide an example of a small, low-cost, wearable chemical sensor.

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Kinetics of Photoactuation in Single Wall Carbon Nanotube−Nafion Bilayer Composite

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Thermo-Active Behavior of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate | Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Composites Examined by in Situ near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine-Structure Spectroscopy

Thermo-Active Behavior of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate | Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Composites Examined by in Situ near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine-Structure Spectroscopy

Bio-Inspired Wooden Actuators for Large Scale Applications

Freestanding chemiresistive polymer composite ribbons as high‐flux sensors

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