Kinetics of Radiation-induced Apoptosis in the Cerebellum of 14-day-old Rats after Acute or during Continuous Exposure

Fritsch, P.; Naour, H. Richard-Le; Denis, Simone; Ménétrier, Florence

doi:10.1080/09553009414550991

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Moreover, the absorption and oxidative metabolism of stevioside in humans is analogous to that of rats [20]. These dark neurons might be a result of neuronal degeneration [28]. The ages studied ranged from 3 months (age of administration) to 9 months (age of sacrifice) according to the established classification of Bello-Pineda et al [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic effect of aspartame versus stevioside on the cerebellar cortex of the adult albino rat

Mohamed¹

2013

The Egyptian Journal of Histology

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IntroductionSweeteners have evolved rapidly over the last 20 years and are added to a wide variety of food items, drinks, drugs, and hygiene products. Aspartame is the most frequently used artificial sweetener. In contrast, stevioside is a sweet herb that seemed to be a promising natural candidate to replace artificial sweeteners but was found to have hazardous effects on the male reproductive system. ObjectivesThe aim of this work was to compare between the histological changes in the cerebellar cortex of adult rats after administration of aspartame and stevioside for 6 months. The reversibility of these changes was also evaluated. Materials and methodsA total of 25 albino rats aged 3 months were used in this study. They were divided into five groups comprising five rats each. The first group was the control group. Rats in the second group were given stevioside at a dose of 8.6 mg/day for 6 months. Rats in the third group were given stevioside for 6 months and were then allowed 1 month for recovery. Rats in the fourth group were given aspartame at a dose of 20 mg/day for 6 months. Rats in the fifth group were given aspartame for 6 months and were then allowed 1 month for recovery. Specimens of the cerebellar cortex were processed for H&E and subjected to immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and caspase-3 and electron microscopic study. Morphometric and statistical analyses were performed to count the number of Purkinje cells, the number of granular cells, and the number of GFAP and caspase-3 immunostained cells. ResultsThe present study showed degenerative changes in the Purkinje and granular cell layers in both the aspartame-treated and stevioside-treated groups. This was confirmed by a significant increase in caspase-positive cells and a significant decrease in cell number. Moreover, there was marked increase in the number of astrocytes in areas of degeneration. This was confirmed by a significant increase in GFAP immunostaining. Recovery from stevioside was better than that from aspartame, as evidenced by the normal histological appearance of Purkinje cells and less vacuolated neuropils. This was supported by a significant increase in the number of neurons, significant decrease in caspase-positive cells, and significant decrease in GFAP immunostaining in the recovery group from stevioside compared with the recovery group from aspartame. ConclusionCessation of stevioside gives better results and leads to better improvement of the histological picture of the cerebellar cortex compared with cessation of aspartame.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic effect of aspartame versus stevioside on the cerebellar cortex of the adult albino rat

Mohamed¹

2013

The Egyptian Journal of Histology

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“…Observations in vivo have shown that both granule cells and astrocytes undergo apoptosis in the rodent postnatal cerebellum (Krueger et al, 1995;Wood et al, 1993). Apoptosis of granule cells in vivo also occurs in mutant mice (Migheli et al, 1995a;Murtomä ki et al, 1995;Wü llner et al, 1995) and after experimental X-ray irradiation (Fritsch et al, 1994;Wood and Youle, 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

Apoptosis of undifferentiated progenitors and granule cell precursors in the postnatal human cerebellar cortex correlates with expression of BCL‐2, ICE, and CPP32 proteins

et al. 1998

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Naturally occurring apoptotic cells have been demonstrated in the postnatal cerebellum of rodents (Wood et al. [1993] Neuron 11:621-632; Krueger et al. [1995] J. Neurosci. 15:3366-3374). The nature of these cells differs among species: they are considered to be granule cells in mouse and astrocytes in rat. We labeled proliferating and apoptotic cells in the postnatal human cerebellar cortex by using antibodies against the Ki-67/proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling method for fragmented DNA. We also immunocytochemically detected some proteins encoded by genes modulating apoptosis and specific markers of neuronal/glial differentiation. Proliferating cells were observed from birth to 4 months, representing 31-35% of cells within the external granular layer (EGL). Apoptotic cells were detected during the first 3 months and corresponded to 5-7% of EGL cells. Much lower percentages were calculated in other cortical layers and white matter. The balance between proliferation and apoptosis was quantitatively favorable to the latter during the first postnatal week. Expression of BCL-2, CPP32, and interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) proteins was spatially and developmentally regulated in parallel with apoptosis. Apoptotic cells were often CPP32/ICE immunoreactive but negative for BCL-2. Some apoptotic cells were positive for vimentin and, less frequently, for alpha-internexin or type-III beta tubulin, but never expressed the glial fibrillary acidic protein. This study demonstrates that apoptosis is a significant phenomenon in early postnatal development of human cerebellar cortex and shares some of the regulatory mechanisms described in other vertebrates.

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“…Ionizing radiation can induce apoptosis, and cause apoptosis as low as 0.25 Gy. 28 In vivo experiments, TUNEL immunofluorescence staining showed that compared with that of the Control group, the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in the DMSO + R group, indicating that the radiation induced apoptosis of brain cells of mice. Compared with the DMSO + R group, the apoptosis rate of the AS-IV pretreatment re-radiation group at a concentration of 40 mg/kg was significantly decreased, suggesting that AS-IV at a concentration of 40 mg/ kg can effectively inhibit radiation-induced brain cell apoptosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Preliminary study on the anti-apoptotic mechanism of Astragaloside IV on radiation-induced brain cells

Liu

Chu

Shang

et al. 2020

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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With multiple targets and low cytotoxicity, natural medicines can be used as potential neuroprotective agents. The increase in oxidative stress levels and inflammatory responses in the brain caused by radiation affects cognitive function and neuronal structure, and ultimately leads to abnormal changes in neurogenesis, differentiation, and apoptosis. Astragaloside Ⅳ (AS-Ⅳ), one of the main active constituents of astragalus, is known for its antioxidant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-infarction, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and wound healing, angiogenesis, and other protective effects. In this study, the mechanism of AS-IV against radiation-induced apoptosis of brain cells in vitro and in vivo was explored by radiation modeling, which provided a theoretical basis for the development of anti-radiation Chinese herbal active molecules and brain health products. In order to study the protective mechanism of AS-IV on radiation-induced brain cell apoptosis in mice, the paper constructed a radiation-induced brain cell apoptosis model, using TUNEL staining, flow cytometry, Western blotting to analyze AS-IV resistance mechanism to radiation-induced brain cell apoptosis. The results of TUNEL staining and flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of radiation group was significantly increased. The results of Western blotting indicated that the expression levels of p-JNK, p-p38, p53, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 protein, and the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 in radiation group were significantly increased. There was no significant difference in the expression levels of JNK and p38. After AS-IV treatment, the apoptosis was reduced and the expression of apoptosis related proteins was changed. These data suggested that AS-IV can effectively reduce radiation-induced apoptosis of brain cells, and its mechanism may be related to the phosphorylation regulation of JNK-p38.

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Kinetics of Radiation-induced Apoptosis in the Cerebellum of 14-day-old Rats after Acute or during Continuous Exposure

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Chronic effect of aspartame versus stevioside on the cerebellar cortex of the adult albino rat

Chronic effect of aspartame versus stevioside on the cerebellar cortex of the adult albino rat

Apoptosis of undifferentiated progenitors and granule cell precursors in the postnatal human cerebellar cortex correlates with expression of BCL‐2, ICE, and CPP32 proteins

Preliminary study on the anti-apoptotic mechanism of Astragaloside IV on radiation-induced brain cells

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