Kinetics of redox polymerizations of acrylic acid in inverse dispersion and in aqueous solution

Liu, Zuifang; Brooks, Brian W.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19990201)37:3<313::aid-pola8>3.0.co;2-z

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Since alcohols such as methanol and ethanol are most frequently adopted as the medium, alcohol-soluble initiators have been naturally chosen. In dispersion polymerization, the most frequently used initiators include azo-compounds such as an azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), peroxide-compounds such as benzoyl peroxide (BPO), and redox types [5][6][7] where poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) or hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is used as the most common steric stabilizer. In such systems, above 10 wt% of stabilizers relative to monomer are used to produce micron-sized monodisperse polystyrene (PS) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of highly monodisperse polystyrene microspheres via dispersion polymerization using an amphoteric initiator

Lee

Choe

et al. 2006

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of highly monodisperse polystyrene microspheres via dispersion polymerization using an amphoteric initiator

Lee

Choe

et al. 2006

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…Specifically, the semibatch BrO 3 − −SO 3 2– pH oscillator driven RAFT polymerization of butyl acrylate monomer on macroRAFT agent with poly(ethylene glycol) stabilizing group ( Guo et al, 2019 ). Prior to this work neither the BrO 3 − −SO 3 2– pH oscillator, nor any other pH oscillator have been known to be capable to initiate polymerization, although the BrO 3 − /SO 3 2- redox pair has been used previously as initiator in free radical homopolymerization ( Mukherjee et al, 1966 ; Liu and Brook, 1998 ; Liu and Brooks, 1999 ). The oscillatory chemical reaction in a PISA coupled system goes beyond the role of the radical source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic Polymerization and the Generation of Polymer Giant Vesicles Autonomously Driven by pH Oscillatory Chemistry

2021

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Using the radicals generated during pH oscillations, a semibatch pH oscillator is used as the chemical fuel and engine to drive polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA) for the one-pot autonomous synthesis of functional giant vesicles. Vesicles with diameters ranging from sub-micron to ∼5 µm are generated. Radical formation is found to be switched ON/OFF and be autonomously controlled by the pH oscillator itself, inducing a periodic polymerization process. The mechanism underlying these complex processes is studied and compared to conventional (non-oscillatory) initiation by the same redox pair. The pH oscillations along with the continuous increase in salt concentration in the semibatch reactor make the self-assembled objects undergo morphological evolution. This process provides a self-regulated means for the synthesis of soft giant polymersomes and opens the door for new applications of pH oscillators in a variety of contexts, from the exploration of new geochemical scenarios for the origin of life and the autonomous emergence of the necessary free-energy and proton gradients, to the creation of active functional microreactors and programmable release of cargo molecules for pH-responsive materials.

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“…For example, redox systems are characterized by their solubility in water with fairly fast and steady liberation of active radicals, short induction periods, and a high polymer yield in short times. Additionally, such systems allow polymerizations at low or moderate temperatures (0–50 °C) . Several redox systems have been used to initiate polymerizations, as for example persulfate‐bisulfite for the polymerizations of acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, and styrene, among others…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale Inhibitor and Dispersant Based on Poly(Acrylic Acid) Obtained by Redox‐Initiated Polymerization

Gutierrez

Montenegro²,

Minari

et al. 2019

Macro Reaction Engineering

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DispersantLow molar mass poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is generally obtained by free radical polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) in aqueous solution, using thermal initiators and some chain transfer agent. However, under such conditions it is rather difficult to efficiently produce molar masses as low as those required for obtaining an effective dispersant. In this work, the semibatch polymerization of AA at 45 °C is considered, using potassium persulfate (KPS) and sodium metabisulfite (KPS/NaMBS), or alternatively KPS and sodium hypophosphite (KPS/NaHP) as redox initiators to produce PAA of controlled low molar masses. These initiation systems allow the production of PAA with M n as low as 2.0 kDa, relatively narrow molar mass distribution (1.5 < M w /M n < 3.0), and low branching degree. Most of the investigated polymerizations reach almost complete conversions (>95%); and it is verified that both reductants, NaMBS and NaHP, also behave as chain transfer agents. Finally, the investigated process with redox couples allowed the production of PAA with acceptable dispersant and antiscaling properties.

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Kinetics of redox polymerizations of acrylic acid in inverse dispersion and in aqueous solution

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Synthesis of highly monodisperse polystyrene microspheres via dispersion polymerization using an amphoteric initiator

Synthesis of highly monodisperse polystyrene microspheres via dispersion polymerization using an amphoteric initiator

Periodic Polymerization and the Generation of Polymer Giant Vesicles Autonomously Driven by pH Oscillatory Chemistry

Scale Inhibitor and Dispersant Based on Poly(Acrylic Acid) Obtained by Redox‐Initiated Polymerization

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