Synthesis of highly monodisperse polystyrene microspheres via dispersion polymerization using an amphoteric initiator

Lee, Jeongwoo; Ha, Jin Uk; Choe, Soonja; Lee, Chang‐Soo; Shim, Sang Eun

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2006.01.001

Cited by 76 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The PS particles show a very clear shape with narrow size distribution after reaction for 2 h. The particles grew quickly during the early stages of reaction (1 -3 h), while the growth rate became steadystate after 6 h. These results demonstrate that reaction time is important in the control the PS size. J. Lee et al synthesized highly monodispersed PS spheres by using styrene, initiator, PVP stabilizer, and methanol solvent at 60 o C. 8 They have observed that the PS spheres sizes were continuously increased with the polymerization time of 6 h, and then become constant after 12 h. These trends are similar to ours, but with different overall times for the initial and steady state reaction stages, presumably due to the different solvent. Effect of reactant concentrations.…”

Section: Controlling Size and Distribution For Nano-sized Polystyrenesupporting

confidence: 64%

“…16 Such interactions are more than enough to bind PVP. A higher concentration of PVP would lead to a large number of primary nuclei in the early stage of polymerization, 8 which results in larger amounts of PVP giving smaller PS spheres.…”

Section: Controlling Size and Distribution For Nano-sized Polystyrenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Highly monodisperse PS spheres of narrow particle size distributions can be produced by one of the following three surfactant-free emulsion polymerization methods: (1) addition of an ionizable initiator, (2) use of surface active or amphoteric initiators. [5][6][7] Although a few papers have reported synthesis of nano-or micro-size PS spheres with respect to various reaction conditions such as initiator types, styrene concentration, stabilizer types and concentration, [8][9][10][11] still there is not enough understanding to control size and distribution for PS spheres by manipulating reaction parameters. When the relationship between these factors and size/distribution for the PS spheres is made clear, this technology can be commercially used in various fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlling Size and Distribution for Nano-sized Polystyrene Spheres

Yun¹,

Lee²,

Jang³

et al. 2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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Highly monodisperse polystyrene (PS) nanospheres were fabricated by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization in water using styrene, 2,2'-azobis(2-methyl propionamidine) dihydrochloride (AIBA), and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). The size and distribution of the PS nanospheres were systematically investigated in terms of initiator concentration, stabilizer concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, and reactant concentration. With increasing AIBA initiator concentration, PS particle sizes are raised proportionally, and can be controlled from 120 to 380 nm. Particle sizes were reduced with increasing PVP concentration. This decrease occurs because a high PVP concentration leads to a large number of primary nuclei in the early stage of polymerization. When the reaction temperature increased, the sizes of the PS particles decrease slightly. The particles grew quickly during the initial reaction stage (1-3 h) and the growth rate became steady-state after 6 h. The PS sizes approximately doubled when the reactant (styrene, PVP, azo-initiator) concentrations were increased by a factor of eight.

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Section: Controlling Size and Distribution For Nano-sized Polystyrenesupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Controlling Size and Distribution For Nano-sized Polystyrenementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Controlling Size and Distribution for Nano-sized Polystyrene Spheres

Yun¹,

Lee²,

Jang³

et al. 2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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“…Therefore, one of the criteria for choosing the components is solubility in the polymerization medium. 9 In general, the steric stabilizer is an essential ingredient to produce stabilized particles with a spherical shape by preventing the aggregation of colloidal particles in dispersion polymerization. But the steric stabilizer remains on the polymer particle surface after polymerization, either by physical adsorption or by chemical bond.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These phenomena have been explained by the fact that the increased temperature produces the greater number of active radicals, resulting in accelerating the aggregation of nuclei and followed by a formation of larger particles. 9,31,32 The results are listed in Table III. And the M w and PDI are represented in Figure 9.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dispersion polymerization of styrene employing lyophilic comonomer in the absence of stabilizer: Synthesis of impurity-free microspheres

et al. 2009

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Abstract:We investigated the feasibility of dispersion polymerization without any stabilizer, which has been considered essential for ensuring colloidal stability. By employing small amounts of a lyophilic comonomer, 4-vinyl pyridine, styrene was successfully polymerized by dispersion polymerization in aqueous alcohol without stabilizer to afford stable poly(styrene-co-4-vinyl pyridine) copolymer microspheres. The stable microspheres were produced in the 4-vinyl pyridine range of 2-15 wt% to styrene. Without 4-vinyl pyridine, severely coagulated particles were obtained, implying that the poly(4-vinyl pyridine) moiety endowed colloidal stability. The polymerization kinetics, behavior, and properties of the ultimate particles showed general features of dispersion polymerization. The study results suggest that stabilizer-free dispersion polymerization is possible, thereby facilitating the synthesis of impurity (stabilizer)-free polymer particles.

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Synthesis of monodisperse crosslinked polystyrene microspheres via dispersion copolymerization with the crosslinker‐postaddition method

Cui

Chen

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:Monodisperse crosslinked polystyrene microspheres were prepared by the dispersion copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene in a mixed solvent of ethanol and H 2 O. 2,2 0 -Azobisisobutyronitrile and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) were used as the initiator and steric stabilizer, respectively. The crosslinker-postaddition method was adopted through a slow addition of a crosslinking agent into the dispersion system at a certain time after the beginning of the polymerization. The effects of the postaddition recipe, postaddition beginning time, postaddition velocity, and agitation rate on the particle size, size distribution, and morphology were discussed. The resulting polymer microspheres were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and laser particle analysis. Crosslinked polystyrene microspheres with a narrow size distribution and a 12.0% crosslinker level were obtained with a size of 1.0 mm through the crosslinker-postaddition method.

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Synthesis of highly monodisperse polystyrene microspheres via dispersion polymerization using an amphoteric initiator

Cited by 76 publications

References 33 publications

Controlling Size and Distribution for Nano-sized Polystyrene Spheres

Controlling Size and Distribution for Nano-sized Polystyrene Spheres

Dispersion polymerization of styrene employing lyophilic comonomer in the absence of stabilizer: Synthesis of impurity-free microspheres

Synthesis of monodisperse crosslinked polystyrene microspheres via dispersion copolymerization with the crosslinker‐postaddition method

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