Kinetics of Solvent Extraction of Copper(II) by Bis‐(2,4,4‐Trimethylpentyl)Phosphonic Acid using a Single Drop Technique

Abstract

The development of CTL technologies using FTS from the ICC has entered the stage for pursuing commercialization considerations. This includes intensive research and development at both laboratory and pilot plant scales. Further systematic scale-up of this technology will strongly promote the CTL applications at large scales, forming a completely new energy field in China. CTL processes operated under co-production modes are very attractive in system efficiency compared to conventional power generation systems, indicating a direction for CTL development to follow. Large-scale CTL projects are in pre-project stages. These projects are, on the one hand, strongly pushed by the market demands, and on the other hand are suppressed by the requirement for huge capital investment and the uncertainty of the oil price in the world market.

Kinetics of Forward Extraction of V(V) in V(V)-NO₃^- (H⁺, Na⁺)-TOA-Kerosene System using Single Drop Technique

“…They used to report the kinetic data on demanding that the measurements had been carried out at maximum interfacial area without incorporating its value in rate calculations. Being a heterogeneous system, the kinetics of a solvent extraction process is now-a-days studied using either the Lewis Cell [8,9], Rotating Diffusion Cell [10,11] or Single Drop Technique [12,13]. All these techniques permit the inclusion of interfacial area in rate calculations which is essential for a heterogeneous system.…”

“…It has been established that the pseudo first -order rate constant (q) [5,8,14,15] and the flux (F) [8,10,12] are the two methods available for kinetic data treatment in solvent extraction of a metal ion by an extractant. In both methods, identical reaction orders with respect to reactant concentrations are obtained but the values of rate constant (k f ) differ due to the fact that the (q) method ignores the basics (surface area) of heterogeneous kinetics [8].…”

Kinetics of Forward Extraction of V(IV) in V(IV)‐SO42−(H+, Na+)‐Cyanex 301–Kerosene System Using the Lewis Cell Technique

“…Later, various phase contacting cells have been used, which permit the accurate measurement of A i . Among these cells, the constant interfacial area static cell (Hahn cell) , constant interfacial area stirred cell with laminar flow (Lewis cell) , rotating diffusion cell , and single drop technique are worth mentioning.…”

Mass Transfer of U(IV) in HCl-TBP System Employing Free Falling Single Drop Technique in Different Diluents

“…[10] Recently single drop technique has been applied on the kinetics of solvent extraction of zirconium (IV) [11] and cupper(II). [12] The aim of the present work is to extend our knowledge in UCl 4 mass transfer in TBP and hydrochloric acid extraction system using the following parameters : variable acid concentration, different diluents, variable temperatures and different drop diameters.…”