Kinetics of Synthesizing Polymer-Supported Quaternary Ammonium Catalysts

Wu, Ho‐Shing; Lo, Chieh-Pu

doi:10.1021/cc060078x

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For the TPC, phase‐transfer catalysts(more precisely, phase‐transfer catalytic groups) are chemically bound onto solid supports, such as silica gel, zeolites, polymers microsphere, etc 13–16. Among various solid supports, polymeric supports are received much attention and are widely used 17–19. The advantages of polymeric supports are that their chemical structures are easy to be designed and controlled, the polymer backbones can increase the organophilicity of catalysts, and this character is in favor of the enhancement of the catalytic activity to a certain degree 13, 16…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical structure and catalytic activity of quaternary onium salt‐type triphase catalysts based on CPS microspheres

Gao

Wang

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, diversified quaternary onium salt-type triphase catalysts (TPC) were prepared based on crosslinked polystyrene (CPS) microspheres, and the relationship between their chemical structures and catalytic activities in liquid-solid-liquid reaction system were investigated in depth by using the esterification reaction of benzyl chloride with sodium acetate as a model system. The experimental results indicate that the chemical structures of the TPC affect their catalytic activity greatly and there are four basic points: (1) the quaternary phosphonium-type TPC have higher activity than quaternary ammonium-type catalyst; (2) the TPC with more lipophilic substitutes at N atom have higher catalytic activity; (3) the TPC with longer spacer arm, which links quaternary onium salt group to the matrix microsphere, have higher catalytic activity; (4) the bonding density of quaternary onium salt group on the polymeric carrier affects the hydrophilic and hydrophobic property of the TPC, and consequently, influences the catalytic activity significantly. For a given triphase catalysis system, there is an optimal bonding density of quaternary onium salt group on the solid catalysts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical structure and catalytic activity of quaternary onium salt‐type triphase catalysts based on CPS microspheres

Gao

Wang

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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show abstract

“…For the TPC, phase‐transfer catalysts (more precisely, phase‐transfer catalytic groups) are chemically bonded to solid supports, such as silica gel, zeolites, and polymers microsphere 16–19. Among various solid supports, polymeric supports received much attention and are widely used 20–22 because the chemical structure of polymer supports is easy to be designed and controlled, and the polymer backbone can increase the organophilicity of catalysts which is in favor of the catalytic activity of the TPC to a certain degree 16,19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of N‐butylphthalimide catalyzed by quaternary phosphonium salt‐type triphase catalysts based on cross‐linked polystyrene microspheres

Gao

Wang

et al. 2011

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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Chloroacylation reactions of cross-linked polystyrene (CPS) microspheres were conducted with two kinds of ω-chloroacyl chlorides, chloroacetyl chloride, and 4-chlorobutyryl chloride as reagent, respectively, and the chloromethylation reaction of CPS microspheres was also performed using 1,4-bis (chloromethoxy) butane as reagent, obtaining three kinds of modified CPS microspheres on which the exchangeable chlorine atoms were introduced. Subsequently, the reactions of these modified microspheres with triphenylphosphine were carried out, respectively, and three kinds of quaternary phosphonium salt (QPS)-type triphase catalysts (TPC) were prepared. These catalysts were used in the N-alkylation reaction of phthalimide, namely the reaction of phthalimide in water phase with 1-bromobutane in organic phase, resulting in N-butylphthalimide. The effects of main reaction conditions on the triphase-transfer catalysis reaction were examined, and the relationship between the structure and catalytic activity for these TPC was investigated. The experimental results indicate that the prepared QPS-type TPC are effective for the N-alkylation reaction of phthalimide carried out between oil phase and water phase. The polarity of the organic solvent and the temperature affect the reaction rate greatly. The result of the reaction in nitrobenzene having the highest polarity among the used several solvents is the best. It will make the reaction to speed up to raise temperature. The chemical structures of the TPC have crucial influences on the catalytic activity of the TPC.

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Kinetic study of phenol recovery using phase-transfer catalysis in horizontal membrane reactor

2008

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Kinetics of Synthesizing Polymer-Supported Quaternary Ammonium Catalysts

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Chemical structure and catalytic activity of quaternary onium salt‐type triphase catalysts based on CPS microspheres

Chemical structure and catalytic activity of quaternary onium salt‐type triphase catalysts based on CPS microspheres

Synthesis of N‐butylphthalimide catalyzed by quaternary phosphonium salt‐type triphase catalysts based on cross‐linked polystyrene microspheres

Kinetic study of phenol recovery using phase-transfer catalysis in horizontal membrane reactor

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