Kinetics of the reaction of toluene with benzyl alcohol over a Nafion–silica composite

Beltrame, P.; Zuretti, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2004.12.031

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…(5.83)] and also reported the reaction of benzyl alcohol with substituted aromatics (toluene, xylenes, mesitylene) to yield diphenylmethanes. 221,223 In most cases, 13% Nafion-silica showed the highest activity, testifying again to the much higher accessibility of the active sites. The substrate and positional selectivity in competitive benzylation of benzene and toluene (1:1 molar ratio) was found to be almost the same as observed in solution-phase Friedel-Crafts benzylation with benzyl chloride (AlCl 3 -CH 3 NO 2 ).…”

Section: ð5:82þmentioning

confidence: 91%

Superacid‐Catalyzed Reactions

Oláh¹,

Prakash²,

Molnár³

et al. 2008

Superacid Chemistry

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Section: ð5:82þmentioning

confidence: 91%

Superacid‐Catalyzed Reactions

Oláh¹,

Prakash²,

Molnár³

et al. 2008

Superacid Chemistry

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“…Superior activity of the Nafion-silica nanocomposite, again, testifies to the much higher accessibility of the active sites. Detailed studies with respect to the kinetics of Friedel-Crafts alkylations with benzyl alcohols are available [55][56][57]. Important conclusions and general considerations including results acquired on other solid acids have been summarized in a review paper [58].…”

Section: Friedel-crafts Alkylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies were performed with respect to Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene [54,55], toluene [52], para-xylene [54], and naphthalene [56,57] with benzyl alcohols. Rate data in the reaction of benzene and para-xylene with benzyl alcohol and para-methylbenzyl alcohol (Scheme 3) are collected in Table 7.…”

Section: Friedel-crafts Alkylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nafion-Silica Nanocomposites: A New Generation of Water-Tolerant Solid Acids of High Efficiency

Molnár

2008

COC

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The methods to prepare Nafion materials with significantly improved specific activities, their characterization and applications as useful and efficient catalysts are summarized. The sol-gel technique used most widely, covalent anchoring of the sulfonic acid group to the surface via a perfluoroalkane tether, impregnation of high-porosity spinodal silica, and mechanochemistry all allow the formation of Nafion materials with enhanced accessibility of the active sites and, consequently, improved catalytic properties can be experienced. The transformations induced by these solid acids including Friedel-Crafts and related reactions, various transformations of alkenes and alcohols, protective group chemistry, chemistry of heterocycles, oxidations, and a few examples of non-catalytic applications are treated in details.

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“…From the Arrhenius plot of lnk obs versus 1/T shown in Figure 2 b, the activation energy E a is evaluated to be 96.1 kJ mol À1 using the firstorder fit, which is smaller than the value of 106 kJ mol À1 obtained for the reaction on Nafion-silica composite. [51] Material synthesis and general characterization: The catalyst precursor precipitated from a solution mixture of acetone Table 4. Reaction of p-xylene with different alcohols.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Catalytic Efficiency of Nanostructured Molybdenum Trioxide in the Benzylation of Arenes and an Investigation of the Reaction Mechanism

Wang

Ueda

2008

Chemistry A European J

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The synthesis and characterization of nanostructured MoO(3) with a thickness of about 30 nm and a width of about 450 nm are reported. The composition formula of the MP (precipitation method) precursor was estimated to be [(NH(4))(2)O](0.169) x MoO(3) x (H(2)O)(0.239). The calcination of the precursor in air afforded nanostructured pellets of the alpha-MoO(3) phase. The nanostructured MoO(3) catalyst exhibited high efficiency in catalyzing the benzylation of various arenes with substituted benzyl alcohols, which were strikingly different to common bulk MoO(3). Most reactions offered >99% conversion and >99% selectivity to monoalkylated compounds. MoO(3) is a typical acid catalyst. However, the benzylation reaction over nanostructured MoO(3) does not belong to the acid-catalyzed type or defect site-catalyzed type, since the catalyst has no acidity and defect site on surface. Characterization with thermal, spectroscopic, and electronic techniques reveal that the catalyst contains fully oxygen-coordinated MoO(6) octahedrons on the surface but partially reduced species (Mo(5+)) within the bulk phase. The terminal oxygen atoms of Mo=O bonds on the (010) basal plane resemble oxygen anion radicals and act as active sites for the adsorption and activation of benzyl alcohols by electrophilic attack. Such sites are indispensable for catalytic reactions since the blocking of these sites by electron acceptors, such as tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), can greatly decrease catalytic activity. This work represents a successful example of combining a heterogeneous catalysis study with nanomaterial synthesis.

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Kinetics of the reaction of toluene with benzyl alcohol over a Nafion–silica composite

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Superacid‐Catalyzed Reactions

Superacid‐Catalyzed Reactions

Nafion-Silica Nanocomposites: A New Generation of Water-Tolerant Solid Acids of High Efficiency

High Catalytic Efficiency of Nanostructured Molybdenum Trioxide in the Benzylation of Arenes and an Investigation of the Reaction Mechanism

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