KIR genes

Middleton, Derek; Williams, Fionnuala; Halfpenny, Iris

doi:10.1016/j.trim.2005.03.002

Cited by 69 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…DNA for HLA and KIR testing was either isolated as above or directly from patients' blood using the Qiagen Q1Aamp DNA Blood Mini Kit, which uses a Mini Spin column for purification of the DNA after whole-blood digestion with protease K. KIR gene typing was performed by a sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe method previously described [17]. Briefly, two separate amplifications, one of the first and second domains and one of the transmembrane/ cytoplasmic regions, were performed.…”

Section: Kir and Hla Typingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between genes for killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and their ligands in patients with solid tumors

Omar¹,

Middleton²,

Marshall³

et al. 2010

Human Immunology

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Section: Kir and Hla Typingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between genes for killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and their ligands in patients with solid tumors

Omar¹,

Middleton²,

Marshall³

et al. 2010

Human Immunology

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“…36 KIR gene and allele typing PCR-SSOP for KIR genes was performed as previously described. 37,38 For KIR allele subtyping, PCR amplifications and SSOP hybridizations were performed as previously described: KIR2DL3, 39 45 Upgraded allele typing systems were devised for KIR2DS4 (to distinguish *003 from *007), KIR2DL4 (to discriminate between 9A and 10A alleles) and to resolve KIR3DL2 subtyping of genotypes containing ambiguous combinations of certain alleles. 46 Only one allele of KIR2DS1 and KIR2DS5 was present in the Irish.…”

Section: Subjects and Dna Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signatures of natural selection and coevolution between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and HLA class I genes

et al. 2010

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Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system. In humans, NK cell activities are partly controlled by the diverse killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene family. The importance of NK cells in both immunity to infection and reproduction makes KIR strong candidates for genes undergoing dynamic evolution in the human genome. Using highresolution allelic typing, we investigated the potential role of natural selection in the diversification of KIR in the Irish population. Higher diversity than expected is observed at several loci, consistent with a history of balancing selection acting to maintain several allelic variants at high frequency in the population. KIR diversity is enhanced further at the haplotype level with functional polymorphisms at KIR2DL4, KIR3DL1 and KIR2DS4 defining nine 'core' haplotypes. Analysis of these core haplotypes in combination with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands revealed several nonrandom associations. In particular, the KIR:HLA association for the core haplotype defined by KIR3DL1*01502 was female specific and a likely consequence of negative selection acting against KIR3DL1*01502 on an HLA-C1/C1 background. Many of the associations between KIR and HLA in the Irish differ from those previously reported, which argues against universal selective pressures for specific KIR:HLA combinations in diverse human populations.

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“…Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are members of a group of regulatory molecules expressed on NK cells and a subset of T cells (30). This family of polymorphic genes is located on chromosome 19 (19q13.4), within the leukocyte receptor complex.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors in the Response to Combined Treatment in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Vidal-Castiñeira

López-Vázquez

Díaz‐Peña

et al. 2010

J Virol

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Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are related to the activation and inhibition of NK cells and may play an important role in the innate response against infection with viruses such as hepatitis C virus (HCV).We examined whether the different combinations of KIRs with their HLA class I ligands influenced the response to combined treatment (pegylated alpha interferon and ribavirin) of patients infected by HCV. A total of 186 consecutive patients diagnosed with chronic HCV infection were analyzed. Seventy-seven patients exhibited HCV RNA levels at 6 months posttreatment and were called nonresponders (NR), while 109 cleared viral RNA and were named sustained viral responders (SVR). Patients were typed for HLA-B, HLA-Cw, KIR genes, and HCV genotype. In our study, the frequency of the KIR2DL2 allele was significantly increased in NR (P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR] ‫؍‬ 1.95), as was the frequency of the KIR2DL2/KIR2DL2 genotype (P < 0.005; OR ‫؍‬ 2.52). In contrast, the frequencies of the KIR2DL3 genotype (P < 0.001) and KIR2DL3/KIR2DL3 genotype (P < 0.05; OR ‫؍‬ 0.54) were significantly increased in the SVR. Different combinations of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 alleles with their ligands were analyzed. The frequency of the KIR2DL2/KIR2DL2-HLA-C1C2 genotype was significantly increased in the NR (P < 0.01; OR ‫؍‬ 3.15). Additionally, we found a higher frequency of the KIR2DL3/KIR2DL3-HLA-C1C1 genotype in the SVR group (P < 0.05; OR ‫؍‬ 0.33). These results were not affected by the HCV genotype. In conclusion, patients who carried the KIR2DL2/KIR2DL2-HLA-C1C2 genotype were less prone to respond to treatment. However, the KIR2DL3/KIR2DL3-HLA-C1C1 genotype clearly correlated with a satisfactory response to treatment, defined by the clearance of HCV RNA.Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a common chronic disease affecting over 170 million people worldwide (48). Around 80% of these individuals evolve to chronic infection, and 10 to 20% of patients develop cirrhosis over a 20-year period. A minority (2%) progresses to hepatocellular carcinoma annually (18).

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KIR genes

Abstract: This review updates the on-going investigations into KIR genes and their alleles with the main emphasis on what has taken place in this laboratory over the last 3 years.

Cited by 69 publications

References 36 publications

Associations between genes for killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and their ligands in patients with solid tumors

Associations between genes for killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and their ligands in patients with solid tumors

Signatures of natural selection and coevolution between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and HLA class I genes

Effect of Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors in the Response to Combined Treatment in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

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