KIR Genes and Patterns Given by the A Priori Algorithm: Immunity for Haematological Malignancies

Abstract

Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are membrane proteins expressed by cells of innate and adaptive immunity. The KIR system consists of 17 genes and 614 alleles arranged into different haplotypes. KIR genes modulate susceptibility to haematological malignancies, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases. Molecular epidemiology studies rely on traditional statistical methods to identify associations between KIR genes and disease. We have previously described our results by applying support vector machines to identify associations between KIR genes and disease. However, rules specifying which haplotypes are associated with greater susceptibility to malignancies are lacking. Here we present the results of our investigation into the rules governing haematological malignancy susceptibility. We have studied the different haplotypic combinations of 17 KIR genes in 300 healthy individuals and 43 patients with haematological malignancies (25 with leukaemia and 18 with lymphomas). We compare two machine learning algorithms against traditional statistical analysis and show that the “a priori” algorithm is capable of discovering patterns unrevealed by previous algorithms and statistical approaches.

KIR genotype and haplotype repertoire in Kuwaiti healthy donors, hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and healthy family members

“…Traditional statistical techniques are used in molecular epidemiology investigations to find links between KIR genes and disease. Compared to healthy donors, patients with hematological malignancies had a higher prevalence of KIR2DL2 74 . The potential immunologic mechanisms underlying some KIR genes' higher prevalence in hematologic patients compared to healthy individuals.…”

“…Compared to healthy donors, patients with hematological malignancies had a higher prevalence of KIR2DL2. 74 The potential immunologic mechanisms underlying some KIR genes' higher prevalence in hematologic patients compared to healthy individuals. In contrast to people without known pathology, patients with AA and ALL were significantly more susceptible to the KIR genes (KIR2DL5, KIR2DS1, KIR2DS3, and KIR3DS1 for AA), and AML and MDS did not appear to be similarly affected.…”

Association of Epstein- Barr virus (EBV) with development of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in western Region of Iraq: Unmatched Molecular casecontrol study

“…EBV-positive HL is more frequent in childhood, in older adults (>45 years) and in mixed cellularity cases. The survival of EBV-positive HL in the elderly and the immunosuppressed is particularly poor (7). For the young adults, it has been further suggested that delayed exposure to a common childhood pathogen may play a role in disease ©Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health S171 pathogenesis( 7) , ( 8) , (9).Increased knowledge of the virus' role in the basic biology of HL may generate novel therapeutic strategies for EBV-positive HL and the presence of EBV-latent antigens in the malignant HL cells may represent a target for cellular immunotherapy.…”