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Gingell, Andrew; Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H.; Jones, Dennis G.; Mawella, K. J. A.

doi:10.1023/a:1018695317549

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The carbides initially precipitate in the dislocation area and maintain a coherent relationship with the α phase. As the carbide content increases and the carbides grow and precipitate, the coherent strain between the carbides and the α phase becomes more pronounced until the hardness peaks [25][26][27].…”

Section: Type Of Carbide After Temperingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbide precipitation during tempering of hybrid steel 60

Zheng,

Lei,

Huang

et al. 2024

Mater. Res. Express

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The effects of carbide precipitation on mechanical performance of Hybrid Steel 60, known as a novel bearing steel, have not been investigated. In this study, the austenite transformation temperatures of Hybrid Steel 60 during heating were revealed by the thermal expansion curve. The temperature and effective activation energy of the second phase precipitation were determined by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve. Different solid solution structures after austenitization were detected using various cooling rates. The solubility temperature was determined based on hardness and residual austenite content. The carbides precipitated at the peak temperature were qualitatively identified using XRD. It was discovered that the temperature points Ac1 and Ac3 of the steel were 786 ℃ and 864 ℃, respectively. In addition, the effect of solid solution temperature on quenching hardness is minimal, while the cooling rate has a greater impact on hardness, reaching a peak at 5 ℃/s. The primary carbide phase in Hybrid Steel 60 is the M7C3 and VC. When the temperature ranges from 500 ℃ to 550 ℃, M23C6 begins to precipitate. As a result, after tempering at 525 ℃, the hardness peak value reached 566 HV.

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Section: Type Of Carbide After Temperingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbide precipitation during tempering of hybrid steel 60

Zheng,

Lei,

Huang

et al. 2024

Mater. Res. Express

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“…Although M 2 C carbides could not be clearly found by TEM observations in specimens tempered at ,823 K, X-ray analysis proved their existence when the specimen was tempered at .773 K. The content of M 2 C carbides was relatively high when the tempering temperature was increased to 913 K. An amount of M 7 C 3 carbides was also found in the specimens tempered at high temperatures over 873 K, indicating the tendency of precipitation of equilibrium carbides as were found in Cr-Ni-Mo-V steels. 15,16 The total content of carbides increased with increasing tempering temperature except that a slight decrease occurred at ,913 K tempering due to the mass transformation from It is known that the precipitation of carbides during tempering is strongly related to diffusion of alloying elements in the martensite matrix. Since the diffusivity of Mo in the martensite matrix is lower than that of Cr, Mo rich M 2 C carbides likely form at relatively high tempering temperatures, while Fe rich and Cr rich M 3 C carbides form at relatively low tempering temperatures.…”

Section: Effect Of Tempering Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr–Ni–Mo–Nb steel

Wang¹,

Dong²,

Wang³

et al. 2007

Materials Science and Technology

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The microstructure and mechanical properties of a medium carbon Cr-Ni-Mo-Nb steel in quenched and tempered conditions were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray analysis, and tensile and impact tests. Results showed that increasing austenitisation temperature gave rise to an increase in the tensile strength due to more complete dissolution of primary carbides during austenitisation at high temperatures. The austenite grains were fine when the austenitisation temperature was ,1373 K owing to the pinning effect of undissolved Nb(C,N) particles. A tensile strength of 1600 MPa was kept at tempering temperatures up to 848 K, while the peak impact toughness was attained at 913 K tempering, as a result of the replacement of coarse Fe rich M 3 C carbides by fine Mo rich M 2 C carbides. Austenitisation at 1323 K followed by 913 K tempering could result in a combination of high strength and good toughness for the Cr-Ni-Mo-Nb steel.

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“…In steels containing alloying elements causing an effect of secondary hardening (V, Mo, W), a fourth transformation occurs: precipitation of MC carbides with fcc crystal structure and M 2 C carbides with hexagonal crystal structure, that nucleate independently [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Application of dilatometric, magnetic, X-ray, and microscopic analysis gives a lot of useful information about kinetics of the phase transformations during tempering [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], especially about carbides precipitation, transformations and growth. Many works [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] showed that the Mössbauer spectroscopy gives a possibility to obtain new data, which may help more detailed interpretation of the phenomena connected with phase transformations during tempering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mössbauer Spectroscopy Studies of ϵ to Cementite Carbides Transformation during Isothermal Heating from As-Quenched State οf High Carbon Tool Steel

Bała

Krawczyk

Hanc³

2008

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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This work presents results of investigations using the Mössbauer spectroscopy technique and their interpretation concerning transformation of to cementite carbides during tempering in relation to the previously conducted dilatometric, microscopic and mechanical investigations. Investigations were performed on 120MnCrMoV8-6-4-2 steel. The influence of the tempering time on nucleation and solubility of carbides, and on cementite nucleation and growth, was determined. The analysis of phase transformations during various periods of tempering using the Mössbauer spectroscopy technique made possible to reveal fine details connected with the processes.

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Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

Carbide precipitation during tempering of hybrid steel 60

Carbide precipitation during tempering of hybrid steel 60

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr–Ni–Mo–Nb steel

The Mössbauer Spectroscopy Studies of ϵ to Cementite Carbides Transformation during Isothermal Heating from As-Quenched State οf High Carbon Tool Steel

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