Klimaschutzverfassungsrecht: Klima-Staatszielbestimmungen im Föderalismus

Abstract

Zusammenfassung Klimaschutz wird zunehmend Aufgabe des Verfassungsrechts in föderaler Gestaltung. Kontrovers ist dabei die Aufnahme einer Klima-Staatszielbestimmung. Welche Wirkungen ergeben sich für Grundrechte, welcher Mehrwert entsteht gegenüber der aktuellen Rechtslage? Welche Problematik birgt der “Klimavorrang” – gerade in Bezug auf Schutzgüterkonflikte? Hier ist auch der Blick auf die Entwicklung des Verfassungsrechts anderer Staaten aufschlussreich.

Climate Change Integration in the Multilevel Governance of Italy and Austria

“…21 Policy integration deals with the effective orchestration needed to create cohesion between local and global levels of governance and policy sectors, thus lending itself to an institutional perspective. 22 The concept was first introduced by Arild Underdal in 1980,23 and has been honed through different approaches and definitions including "policy coherence", "whole-of-government", "collaborative governance", "policy coordination", and "holistic governance". 24 In the specific case of epi, Jordan and Schout propose a synthetic definition of epi as "a process through which 'non' environmental sectors consider the overall environmental consequences of their policies, and take active and early steps to incorporate an understanding of them into policy-making at all relevant levels of governance".…”

“…The 2020 progress assessment submitted by the European Environment Agency (eea) reinforces the urgency of revising the abovementioned key EU policies and legislative acts. 22 More recently, a major (unexpected) uncertainty appears to be jeopardizing the EU's energy transition process and at the same time reinforcing the need to revise energy and climate policies in line with the European Green Deal's ambitious goals. The invasion of Ukraine by Russia has made EU's energy dependence clear.…”

“…Specifically, regarding local spatial planning, a few institutional interviewees highlighted the fact that the role of municipalities in this sector requires additional coordination efforts and targeted information activities from the Land administration to avoid discrepancies in implementation, including climate-relevant measures. 22 In both the water and spatial planning sectors, the institutional interviewees reported that the respective departments voluntarily initiate specific training to harmonize and guide implementation at municipal level.23 In the transport sector, the coordination unit for mobility management of Land Vorarlberg coordinates mobility management activities within the framework of an information exchange platform between the Land, municipalities and other relevant institutions. 24 The empirical evidence collected shows that both Länder and the Bund offer a number of funding options and consultancy to municipalities to support them in their implementation of climate measures.…”

“…From an environmental point of view, it is interesting to note that Recital 17 of the Regulation in question states that "[…] competent authorities are free to establish social and qualitative criteria in order to maintain and raise quality standards for public service obligations, for instance with regard to […] environmental protection […]". 22 Among the contracts considered by article 3 of Directive 2009/ 33/ ec, as amended, reference is also made, for example, to "contracts for the purchase, lease, rent or hire-purchase of road transport vehicles […]". Master Plan" has to be considered, which "identifies ways to avoid, shift and improve traffic and transport and significantly increase the share of ecomobility in total transport -foot and bicycle traffic, public modes of transport, and shared mobility".25 Within that context, with specific reference to the cvd applied to the public transport sector, it is specified that: in addition to greatly expanding public transport, we also need to make sure that existing and new public road transport is zero-emission.…”

Ochrona klimatu a konstytucja – historyczne postanowienie Federalnego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z 24 marca 2021 roku

“…20a GG (2021): nb. 60, 61;Härtel (2020): 579; Kahl, Gär-stanowi sprawiedliwą normę prawną, która zobowiązuje państwo do ochrony klimatu, zwłaszcza w dłuższej perspektywie czasowej (wymóg ochrony klimatu) 71 , jednak również w tym przypadku ustawodawca dysponuje szerokim zakresem oceny, wskutek czego kontrola sądowa jest zasadniczo ograniczona do udowodnionych naruszeń 72 .…”