Klinefelter's Syndrome in Children

Neuropsychological profiles of adults with Klinefelter syndrome

“…The presence of learning disabilities in reading and spelling in children and adolescents with Klinefelter syndrome have been widely reported (Annell et al, 1970;Bender et al, 1986Bender et al, , 1987Bender et al, , 1993Funderburk & Ferjo, 1978;Graham et al, 1988;Leonard, 1991;Mandoki et al, 1991;Nielsen, 1991;Nielsen et al, 1970;Pennington et al, 1982;Ratcliffe et al, 1991;Robinson et al, 1991aRobinson et al, , 1991bRovet et al, 1995Rovet et al, , 1996Stewart et al, 1986Stewart et al, , 1991Walzer et al, 1986Walzer et al, , 1991Wesner et al, 1973) as well as collateral language disturbances in comprehension, expression, and verbal processing speed (Bender et al, 1983(Bender et al, , 1987(Bender et al, , 1989(Bender et al, , 1993Funderburk & Ferjo, 1978;Graham et al, 1988;Haka-Ikse et al, 1978;Mandoki et al, 1991;Robinson et al, 1986Robinson et al, , 1991aRovet et al, 1996;Walzer et al, 1978Walzer et al, , 1986Walzer et al, , 1991. Evidence for disturbances in math ability is more equivocal with fewer publications documenting a deficit in this area (Nielsen, 1991;Rovet et al, 1995Rovet et al, , 1996…”

“…The majority of previous studies have suggested that VIQ is depressed relative to PIQ in children with Klinefelter syndrome (Graham et al, 1988;Netley, 1986;, 1987Nielsen et al, 1970;Pennington et al, 1982;Ratcliffe et al, 1982Ratcliffe et al, , 1986Rovet et al, 1995Rovet et al, , 1996Stewart et al, 1986Stewart et al, , 1991Walzer et al, 1978Walzer et al, , 1986Walzer et al, , 1991. However, some reports have failed to confirm this observation Funderburk & Ferjo, 1978;Nielsen, 1991;Robinson et al, 1991b), and others have observed that while VIQ is usually lower than PIQ, occasionally this relationship is reversed (Annell et al, 1970;Ratcliffe et al, 1991;Robinson et al, 1991a).…”

Intelligence and achievement in children with extra X aneuploidy: A longitudinal perspective

“…Determining the intelligence and achievement outcome of children with a supernumerary X chromosome is extremely important, particularly in light of the prevalence of these conditions and the number of such children now identified by prenatal diagnosis [Robinson et al, 19921. While it is necessary that genetic counselors convey accurate information to prospective parents, information about intellectual status and developmental outcome may be limited. Early reports suggested a n increased frequency of psychological disturbance, subnormal intelligence, and sociopathy [Funderburk and Ferjo, 1978;Hook, 1973;Nielsen et al, 1970;Witkin et al, 19761; however, because this information was obtained from inmateslpatients of various institutions and clinics, it is considered biased.…”

A Method for the Longitudinal Study of Behavioral Development in Infants and Children: The Early Development of Xxy Children

“…scores that were higher than Verbal I.Q,. scores (Garvey and Mutton, 1973;Nielsen et al, 1970;Pasqualini et al, 1957;Puck et al, 1975;Theilgaard, 1972), although this was not a consistent finding (Annell et al, 1970;Hunter and Hoggart, 1967;Money, 1963Money, , 1970. These results are the reverse of those found in girls with Turner's syndrome (i.e.…”

“…A number of reports concerning XXY children and adults ascertained from biased and unbiased samples have noted that the affected individuals suffered frequently from developmental speech and language delays as well as learning disabilities (Annell et al, 1970;Caldwell and Smith, 1972;Crandall f« al, 1972;Garvey and Mutton, 1973;Kivowitz and Corcoran, 1971;Nielsen et al, 1970;Leonard et al, 1974;Puck et al, 1975). Furthermore, when the Verbal and Performance I.Q,.…”