“…2,7,8 RNA interference (RNAi) refers to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated gene silencing, which occurs widely among plants, animals and microorganisms. 9,10 Since its first discovery in Caenorhabditis elegans, 11 targeted gene knockdown through dsRNA-mediated RNAi has been widely used for genetic research in several insect orders, including Diptera, 12 Coleoptera, 13,14 Acari, 15 Orthoptera, 16 Blattodea, 17 Lepidoptera, 18,19 Isoptera 20 and hemipteran pests such as planthopper 21,22 psyllid, 23,24 whitefly 25,26 and aphid. 27,28 Similarly, transgenic plants expressing dsRNA designed against insect target genes gain protection against insect herbivory, and this is considered to be the next-generation pest management strategy, with benefits over chemical-based pesticides or traditional biological control because the sequence-specific nature of RNAi allows for individual species and potentially specific orders of pests to be selectively targeted.…”