“…In retail store patronage literature, researchers have laboured to identify the patterns of customers' store selection, regarding store types, features, and locations (e.g., Badrinarayanan & Becerra, 2018;Blut et al, 2018;Ramanathan & Sonia, 2018;Verhoef et al, 2009). The attributes of in-shoppers and out-shoppers have also been largely examined (e.g., Cummins, 2020;Grimmer & Mortimer, 2019;Marjanen et al, 2020;Yokoyama et al, 2022). In addition, factors impacting store or local area loyalty have also been studied (e.g., Altinay et al, 2014;Runyan & Droge, 2008;Tripathi & Dave, 2013).…”