Knowledge and parity prevention of anemia in pregnancy

Abstract

Introduction: The largest public health issue in the globe, particularly for women who are close to childbearing age, is anemia. Anemia during pregnancy is said to be “dangerous to mother and child”. In 2015, Indonesia's maternal mortality rate (MMR) was 305 per 100,000 KH. Pregnancy who experienced anemia in the world are still very high. The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy is 41.8%. In Indonesia, the increasing in the incidence of anemia in pregnancy from 37.1% in 2013 to 48.9% in 2018. One of the causes of anemia in pregnant women is the knowledge and parity. This study aimed to analyze the knowledge and parity of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Methods: The research design is cross-sectional with the independent variables which are knowledge and parity. The dependent variable is the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. The population used by all pregnant women is 48. The sampling technique uses total sampling and collecting data using questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate. Results: The results of research informed that most pregnant women had anemia, around 56.2%. The results of the statistical analyses revealed a p value of 0.007, indicating a relation between parity and the prevalence of anemia. Besides that, there was a relation between knowledge and the prevalence of anemia. Conclusion: There is an influence between knowledge and parity on the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Countermeasures that can be done by providing information communication and education on pre-wedding preparation.

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“…Parity 4 has a high risk of developing anemia because the large number of births (parity) can affect the mother's health, making the mother susceptible to anemia [20]. Pregnant women with high parity have gone through multiple pregnancies and childbirth, which can deplete iron reserves in their bodies [21]. In addition, pregnant women with high parity generally have a higher risk of experiencing pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes.…”

Regular donor characteristics, inter-donation interval and the presence of subclinical anemia – A 3-year observational single-center study

“…This finding reflected the demographic structure of Indonesian donors. Male donors were predominantly involved, whereas female donors were discouraged from donating blood due to their monthly menstrual cycles [3]. According to Table 1, O+ve donors were more likely to be consistent donors.…”

“…Blood transfusion is a central component of the medical and surgical care of patients [1][2][3][4] in all nations' healthcare systems. Its practice relies on the secure transfusion of blood from healthy donors to patients [5,6].…”

Parity, Age Related To The Incidence Of Anemia In Pregnant Women

“…Mothers who have just given birth are expected to lose as much as 250 grams of iron (Ririn Riyani et al, 2020). Blood vessels and uterine wall can be damaged when pregnancies occur repeatedly so that the supply of nutrients to the fetus is reduced (Hidayati & Andyarini, 2018), mothers with repeated pregnancies can increase the volume of plasma in their blood thereby increasing the risk of complications such as anemia so that at the time of delivery it increases the risk of bleeding (Ekasari et al, 2022), repeated pregnancies also affect the reduced amount of iron in the mother's body so that it has the effect of decreasing hemoglobin levels in the blood (Adawiyah & Wijayanti, 2021). The need for iron is greatest when pregnancy enters the final trimester, a mother who is anemic, the fetus will take up iron stores in the mother's body (Padmi, 2018).…”