Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Risk to Human Infection due to <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> among Cattle Farming Communities in Western Uganda

Kazoora, Herbert; Majalija, Samuel; Kiwanuka, Noah; Kaneene, John B.

doi:10.1111/zph.12273

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The frequency in males was 79.6% (537/674), given that most people who carry out activities associated with livestock production are usually male. This is coherent with other studies where the frequency of males was also high [9,17,23–25]. Likewise, according to WHO, worldwide, men have a significantly higher risk of contracting TB compared to women [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Tuberculosis in farm workers exposed to dairy and beef livestock in Colombia

Muñoz

Rueda

Botero

et al. 2019

Preprint

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7The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of tuberculosis (TB) in 8 workers from dairy and beef livestock farms in the northern part of Colombia. 9 Tuberculin skin test and an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) were used for 10 diagnosis of latent tuberculosis; sputum samples were taken from respiratory 11 symptomatic subjects, microbiological and molecular tests were done for diagnosis 12 of active TB. Absolute frequencies, percentages, and crude prevalence ratios were 13 calculated, and a robust Poisson Model with adjustment by municipality was made. 14 In 674 farm workers, latent TB frequency was 35.8%. Variables such as having had 15 pulmonary TB (PR 2.82, 95% CI 1.90 -4.17), having been in contact with people 16 with active TB (PR 1.57, 95% CI 1.24 -1.98), and having performed some 17 undergraduate or postgraduate study (PR 1.6, 95% CI 1.03 -2.49), were 18 significantly associated with latent TB. No active tuberculosis disease was confirmed 19 in symptomatic respiratory patients. The exposure level to cattle was not 20 significantly associated with latent TB infection. In conclusion, in the studied 21 population exposure to cattle was not a risk factor for TB, other factors commonly 22found in general population exposed to human TB were demonstrated. 23 2 24Author summary 25 Zoonotic TB is a disease caused by the transmission of the M. bovis bacteria that is 26 part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex, through contact with cattle to 27 humans, by the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products from infected animals 28 or by inhalation of aerosols exhaled by sick animals. 29This study investigated the frequency of TB in human population related to cattle, in 30 order to determine if there were risk factors related to TB infection or disease. Finding 31 that there was no significant relationship between being exposed to cattle and having 32 latent TB. However, the results of this study together with other research reported in 33 the literature suggest that research on zoonotic and bovine TB should be continued, 34 especially about epidemiology, diagnostic methods, health systems and 35 interventions coordinated with veterinary services.36 37 48 49 Tuberculosis is caused by diverse species belonging to Mycobacterium tuberculosis 50 complex (CMTB). In humans, the species that cause most cases is Mycobacterium 51 tuberculosis (MTB), followed by Mycobacterium bovis, which is, in turn, the causative 52 agent of bovine TB in animals and of zoonotic TB in humans [1,4]. Cattle are the 53 definitive hosts for M. bovis, but other domestic and wild mammals can also be 54 infected. The transmission of bovine TB to humans is mainly due to the consumption 55 of unpasteurized dairy products from infected animals or by the inhalation of aerosols 56 exhaled by diseased animals. Less common forms to transmit the bovine TB are the 57 consumption of undercooked contaminated beef and direct percutaneous contact, 58 associated mainly with the bacteria infecting a wound [5]. 59 60 Currently, the impo...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Tuberculosis in farm workers exposed to dairy and beef livestock in Colombia

Muñoz

Rueda

Botero

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Animal are at risk to get infection through ingestion of feces, urine, wound, lymph discharge and infected milk. Milk is the main source to spread the infection from adult to young stock and also its transmission to human beings (Kazoora et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Mycobacterium bovis from Milk and Nasal Discharge Samples of Cattle from Hyderabad and Tando Allahyar Districts

Leghari¹,

Kamboh²,

Dewani³

et al. 2016

J. Anim. Health Prod.

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“…The high awareness in the community could possibly be attributed to the bTB activities associated with the research program on bTB conducted by our team which included the successful bTB information day and bTB testing of cattle at the dip tanks. Prior education on zoonotic diseases has been associated with a display of good knowledge of the disease by the cattle farming community as demonstrated in a study in Uganda [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk practices for bovine tuberculosis transmission to cattle and livestock farming communities living at wildlife-livestock-human interface in northern KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

Sichewo

Kelen

Thys

et al. 2019

Preprint

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21Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a disease of cattle that is transmitted through direct contact 22 with an infected animal or ingestion of contaminated food or water. This study seeks to 23 explore the local knowledge on the disease and establish the risk practices that lead to 24 its transmission to cattle and humans (zoonotic TB) in a traditional livestock farming 25 community with a history of bTB diagnosis in cattle and wildlife. Information was 26 collected using a qualitative approach of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) targeting 27 household members of livestock farmers that owned either bTB infected or uninfected 28 herds. We conducted fourteen FGDs (150 individuals) across four dip tanks that 29 included the following categories of participants from cattle owning households: heads 30 of households, cattle keepers, dip tank committee members and women. The qualitative 31 data was managed using NVivo Version 12 Pro ® software. Social and cultural practices 32 were identified as major risky practices for bTB transmission to people, such as the 33 consumption of undercooked meat, consumption of soured /raw milk and lack of 34 protective measures during slaughtering of cattle. The acceptance of animals into a 35 herd without bTB pre-movement testing following traditional practices (e.g. lobola, 'bride 36 price', the temporary introduction of a bull for 'breeding'), the sharing of grazing and 37 watering points amongst the herds and with wildlife were identified as risky practices for 38 bTB transmission to cattle. Overall, knowledge of bTB in cattle and modes of 39 transmission to people and livestock was found to be high. However, the community 40 was still involved in risky practices that expose people and cattle to bovine TB. An inter-41 disciplinary 'One Health' approach that engages the community is recommended, to 42 provide locally relevant interventions that allows the community to keep their traditional 43 3 practices and socio-economic systems whilst avoiding disease transmission to cattle 44 and people. 45 Author summary 46 Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a respiratory disease of cattle that is transmitted to 47 other animals as well as humans (zoonotic TB) through direct contact with infected 48 animals, and consumption of contaminated food (animal products) or water. The study 49 explains the complexities of human-animal relations, reflects on how people understand 50 and conceptualize risk of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in an endemic area considering the 51 economic value of livestock keeping as well as social and cultural practices of 52 importance to the community. The results of this study identified socio-cultural practices 53 that involved consumption of raw or undercooked animal products and handling of 54 infected animal products during animal slaughter as major risky practices for bTB 55 transmission to people. Introduction of animals into a herd without bTB testing for socio-56 cultural purposes and sharing of resources amongst the communal herd and with 57 wildlife were identified as risky p...

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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Risk to Human Infection due to Mycobacterium bovis among Cattle Farming Communities in Western Uganda

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Tuberculosis in farm workers exposed to dairy and beef livestock in Colombia

Tuberculosis in farm workers exposed to dairy and beef livestock in Colombia

Isolation of Mycobacterium bovis from Milk and Nasal Discharge Samples of Cattle from Hyderabad and Tando Allahyar Districts

Risk practices for bovine tuberculosis transmission to cattle and livestock farming communities living at wildlife-livestock-human interface in northern KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

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