“…In the English orthography, there are at least five relatively distinct sources of knowledge that contribute to accurate spelling (e.g. Bourassa & Treiman, 2001;Egan & Tainturier, 2011;Joshi, Treiman, Carreker, & Moats, 2008;Kemp, Parrila, & Kirby, 2009;Moats, 2009): (1) knowing how to translate sounds into letters (spelling phonics, or "non-lexical spelling"), (2) orthographic memory (sight word knowledge, or "lexical spelling"), (3) semantic principles, (4) morphology and (5) etymology.…”