Known Vulnerabilities of Global Navigation Satellite Systems, Status, and Potential Mitigation Techniques

Ioannides, Rigas; Pany, Thomas; Gibbons, Glen

doi:10.1109/jproc.2016.2535898

Cited by 211 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Due to the low power and the distance of the GNSS transmitters, terrestrial radio interference poses a challenge. Small jamming devices, which protect the privacy of individuals, can impair the functionality of critical infrastructure (e.g., financial markets, power networks, airports, communication networks), which ensures the safety and well-being of many people [28]. For monitoring the GNSS spectrum in the vicinity of safetycritical receivers, high performance is of utmost importance.…”

Section: A Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the calculation of the mean (64) and the covariance (65) with (67), we proceed as described in [50] and use the classic arcsine law [51, p. 284] together with recent results for the quadrivariate orthant probabilities [52]. Note that, through the concept of a reduced distribution (63), with (28) and (29) for a subset of sufficient statistics at hand, the presented framework is also applicable to other sensor data models like receiver systems with higher A/D resolution.…”

Section: Controlling the Statistical Complexity Of The Allrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Latency Analysis for Sequential Detection in Low-Complexity Binary Radio Systems

Stein

Faub

2019

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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We consider the problem of making a quick decision in favor of one of two possible physical signal models while the numerical measurements are acquired by sensing devices featuring minimal digitization complexity. Therefore, the digital data streams available for statistical processing are binary and exhibit temporal and spatial dependencies. To handle the intractable multivariate binary data model, we first consider sequential tests for exponential family distributions. Within this generic probabilistic framework, we identify adaptive approximations for the log-likelihood ratio and the Kullback-Leibler divergence. The results allow designing sequential detectors for binary radio systems and analyzing their average run-time along classical arguments of Wald. In particular, the derived tests exploit the spatio-temporal correlation structure of the analog sensor signals engraved into the binary measurements. As an application, we consider the specification of binary sensing architectures for cognitive radio and GNSS spectrum monitoring where our results characterize the sequential detection latency as a function of the temporal oversampling and the number of antennas. Finally, we evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms and illustrate the accuracy of our analysis via Monte-Carlo simulations.

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Section: A Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Controlling the Statistical Complexity Of The Allrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latency Analysis for Sequential Detection in Low-Complexity Binary Radio Systems

Stein

Faub

2019

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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“…Especially in urban environment, with high-rise buildings and urban canyons, GNSS performance is decreased due to strong multipath propagation and reduced satellite visibility. In addition, GNSS is known to be vulnerable to various malicious attacks including jamming and spoofing [7]. Conventionally, the dependability on the GNSS has been mitigated by equipping trains with multiple positioning sensors, such as inertial navigation sensor, tachometer, and Doppler radar [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positioning of high-speed trains using 5G new radio synchronization signals

Talvitie

Levanen

Koivisto

et al. 2018

2018 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)

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We study positioning of high-speed trains in 5G new radio (NR) networks by utilizing specific NR synchronization signals. The studies are based on simulations with 3GPP-specified radio channel models including path loss, shadowing and fast fading effects. The considered positioning approach exploits measurement of Time-Of-Arrival (TOA) and Angle-Of-Departure (AOD), which are estimated from beamformed NR synchronization signals. Based on the given measurements and the assumed train movement model, the train position is tracked by using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), which is able to handle the nonlinear relationship between the TOA and AOD measurements, and the estimated train position parameters. It is shown that in the considered scenario the TOA measurements are able to achieve better accuracy compared to the AOD measurements. However, as shown by the results, the best tracking performance is achieved, when both of the measurements are considered. In this case, a very high, sub-meter, tracking accuracy can be achieved for most (>75%) of the tracking time, thus achieving the positioning accuracy requirements envisioned for the 5G NR. The pursued high-accuracy and high-availability positioning technology is considered to be in a key role in several envisioned HST use cases, such as mission-critical autonomous train systems.

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“…In recent years, due to the widespread use of the satellite navigation and timing services in different technologies, the problem of interference mitigation for the global positioning system (GPS) receivers has drawn considerable attention . Controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA) arrays are known as a robust solution to the radio frequency interference (RFI) problem .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CRPA array with dual‐mode patch antenna elements for GPS applications

Rezazadeh

Shafai

2018

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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A controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA) array consisting of three dual‐mode microstrip patch antennas is designed and investigated for GPS interference mitigation applications. Each dual‐mode element consists of a dominant‐mode disk patch antenna encircled by a dual‐polarized shorted ring patch antenna. The measured input and radiation parameters of a prototype array are presented. The null‐steering performance of the array is demonstrated using a simple adaptive algorithm and is shown to be superior to the conventional planar arrays.

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Known Vulnerabilities of Global Navigation Satellite Systems, Status, and Potential Mitigation Techniques

Cited by 211 publications

References 35 publications

Latency Analysis for Sequential Detection in Low-Complexity Binary Radio Systems

Latency Analysis for Sequential Detection in Low-Complexity Binary Radio Systems

Positioning of high-speed trains using 5G new radio synchronization signals

A CRPA array with dual‐mode patch antenna elements for GPS applications

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