Kondisi Hutan Bakau Tebangan Masyarakat Dan Industri Pulp Di Batu Ampar Kalimantan Barat

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to study tree cutting of mangrove forest by the local people of Batu Ampar and the pulp industry at Kapuas river estuary. At each site the rapid measurement methods were established using quadrate plots of 20m x 20m and 5m x 5m, each with 2 replicates. The results revealed that the local people only cut the selective trees of Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera gymnorhiza with diameter of 20-25 cm2 at 0.25 ha wide, which created gap canopy as small disturbace to the mangrove forest. This area of gap canopy immediately was colonized and dominated by R. apiculata. The mangrove tree cuttings created the phase gap generations. This forest recovered quickly, thus the small distrurbance maintained the mangrove tree species diversity. The Rhizophora roots were habitat for nusery grown of larval shrimps, crabs, and fishes. The pulp industry cut all of the mangrove species wich created big disturbance and huge gap area. The forest also recovered quickly, but was dominated by Xylocarpus granatum. Thus, the big disturbance by the pulp industry caused the shifted species of the mangrove forest species from Rhizophora and Bruguiera to Xylocarpus. The roots of Xylocarpus tree were not habitat forthelarval shrimps, crabs, and fishes, which decreased the fisherman catch. The forest rehabilitation of industrial cutting was planted regularly with Rhizophora, and created many current canals which proned to the erosion. Thus the pulp industry of mangrove forest cutting threatened nursery habitat and species diversity at the mangrove forest of Batu Ampar.

Valuasi Ekonomi Ekosistem Mangrove Berbasis Ekowisata pada Hutan Desa di Kecamatan Batu Ampar Kalimantan Barat

“…Kondisi kerapatan jarang dan sedang tersebar di sepanjang garis pantai dan sebagian besar berada di bagian utara yang berbatasan dengan Kecamatan Kubu. Djohan et al (2015) menyatakan bahwa daerah utara Desa Batu Ampar yang bervegetasi jarang tersebut merupakan daerah Tanjung 16. Daerah Tanjung 16 merupakan kawasan tempat penebangan hutan mangrove untuk industri pulp.…”

“…Selain itu, silvikultur buatan yang telah dilakukan untuk pemulihan juga memiliki kekurangan, di mana penanaman teratur telah membentuk kanal yang dapat memicu erosi. Kondisikondisi ini menyebabkan kawasan yang ada tidak lagi menjadi habitat nursery yang baik bagi udang, kepiting maupun ikan (Djohan et al, 2015). Perubahan kerapatan mangrove akan mempengaruhi keragaman ikan di kawasan tersebut.…”

“…Belum ada kajian yang menunjukkan perubahan mangrove di Desa Nipah Panjang yang berdampak kepada kehidupan bekantan. Akan tetapi, kajian tentang perubahan mangrove di Desa Batu Ampar yang dekat dengan mangrove Desa Nipah Panjang menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi perubahan vegetasi dari R. apiculata menjadi X. granatum (Djohan et al, 2015). Demikian pula di Kecamatan Kubu, telah terjadi perubahan vegetasi dari Rhizophora menjadi Nypa fruticans (Hendarto 2009).…”

Public participation in the utilization and rehabilitation of coastal natural resources (case study of coastal erosion in West Kalimantan)

“…Many planting mangrove Rhizophora spp. which in types (Djohan et al, 2015). Activity planting mangrove understood by most people (60%) are the responsibility of the government, and there should be cooperation between the government -the public (30%).…”